1. The Periodic Table: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

2. The Periodic Table Created in 1869 by both Mendeleev and Meyers
Mendeleev periodic table more widely accepted
Organized by
Atomic mass
Chemical properties
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3. The Periodic Table
Organized in regular, repeating patterns known as periodicity
Elements in the same column or row have similar properties or patterns
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4. The Periodic Table Group or Family Period
A vertical column on the periodic table
Similar chemical and physical properties
Period
A horizontal row on the periodic table
Properties change progressively across
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5. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
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6. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Based upon the repeating patterns, Mendeleev left blank spaces on his periodic table
These spaces were eventually filled in with undiscovered elements
Discovered elements had similar properties compared to their group
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7. Organized in order of increasing atomic mass
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8. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Flaws in this periodic table:
As mass increased, the properties did not all line up
Led to confusion of properties of known elements
Was solved with the discovery of the atomic number
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9. Modern Periodic Table Organized by atomic number and properties
This led to the “periodic law” which states:
The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number
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10. Modern Periodic Table Developed by British scientist Henry Mosley
Arranged by increasing atomic number
Determined elements fell into columns with other elements with similar properties
There were no exceptions found
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11. Modern Periodic Table
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12. Periodic Families There are 10 main families on the periodic table
Metals
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition metals
Inner-transition metals
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13. Periodic Families There are 10 main families of the periodic table
Other metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Halogens
Noble Gases
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14. Metals Located below the stair step line Form cations Solids
Shiny metallic appearance
Malleable
Ductile
Conductive
High melting point and densities
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15. Metalloids Located on the stair step line
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Form both cations and anions
Make good semiconductors
Does NOT include aluminum (other metal)
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16. Nonmetals Located above the stair step line Form anions
Solids, liquids and gases
Poor conductors
Brittle
Not malleable or ductile
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17. Alkali Metals Located in Group 1 Low density 1 valence electron
Forms a +1 cation
Highly reactive in water
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18. Alkaline Earth Metals Located in Group 2
Harder and denser than alkali metals
2 valence electrons
Forms a +2 cation
Reducing agents (reactive)
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19. Transition Metals Located in the “d” block
High densities and melting points
White lustrous metals (except copper)
Form cations
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20. Inner-transition Metals
Located in “f” block
Also known as the rare earth metals
Most are synthetic (man made)
Most are radioactive
Form cations
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21. Other Metals
Located next to the transitional metals and under the stair step line
Properties vary
Form cations
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22. Halogens Located in group 17 7 valance electrons Forms a -1 anion
Highly electronegative
Diatomic
Very reactive with the alkali metals
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23. Noble Gases Located in group 18 8 valance electrons Do not react!!!!
Also known as Inert Gases
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