Overview Intro: fact and fiction What is science? What Science is not

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Presentation transcript:

Overview Intro: fact and fiction What is science? What Science is not Stereotypes Myths Assumptions of science Empricism Determinism parsimony Methods of Science Objectivity control Operational definition

FACT AND FICTION?

How about a little more credibility!

???

Better?

TRUTH AT LAST?

SCIENCE!..in the pursuit of truth! Credibility is good but… It does not insure “truth.” SCIENCE!..in the pursuit of truth!

Does Science Equal Truth? Jose Delgado

A screening Process may be important!

How do most Humans make their decisions about truth? Tenacity Authority Intuition Logic and rationalism

Most of us have difficulties seeing errors in our thinking “THE AXIOMS OF HUMAN BELIEF”

Humans believe Humans believe their belief is correct

AXIOMS When Challenged?

How gullible are we? Did Clinton Inhale? Does nicotine cause addiction?

AXIOMS Humans jump to conclusions.

Axioms Simplify complex situations

Axioms Resist deep consideration

Axioms Vulnerable to perceptual and social illusion

Axioms Infinite capacity to be….

Axioms Difficulty identifying our own misconceptions. So What can we do?

Recognize the problems We will not be able to approach truth without recognition of our limitations Devise mechanisms that help reduce these problems.

SCIENCE What is Science? Science is NOT….

STEREOTYPES OF SCIENCE?

Nerds?

So what is Science? METHOD! A set of principles of observation, measurement and control that seek to uncover objective reality. “Self-correcting”

Assumptions of science Truth will be revealed over time with the Scientific Method Empiricism-consensual validation Determinism parsimony

Overview of the Methods of Science Objectivity control Operational definition Probabilistic thinking Amorality

Goals of Science Practicality Describe Predict Understand Control

Characteristics of a Good Scientist?

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Ideas Problem Formation Goal or Hypothesis Design Conduct/Collect Analysis Interpretation Report FEEDBACK

IDEAS Common observation Logic Practical problems Intuition Theory

IDEAS cont’ Theory Explains Simplifies Unifies interesting Testable/falsifiable

Theory vs Observational approaches Deductive vs inductive reasoning Not truly separable Popular emphasis on deduction But…. Descriptive vs Inferential (experimental) Research

Descriptive vs Experimental Research Describing vs identifying causes Consider reactivity and “control.”

Descriptive Research Poor or Less rigorous approaches: Anecdotal observation Case study Systematic exploration

Better approaches Archival research Where could we find meaningful records?

Naturalistic observation Naturalistic means unobtrusive Technology Distance observation Concealment Acclimatization/fade

Naturalistic observation with Intervention A standardized “naturalistic” event

Naturalistic Observation-participant observer

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Ideas Problem Formation Goal or Hypothesis Design Conduct/Collect Analysis Interpretation Report FEEDBACK

Which technique would you choose to study…say Human sexual intimacy?

Psychological Phenomena that are: Private Sensitive Rare internal

SELF-REPORT approaches…….SURVEYS What do we want to know Construction Questions responses Who do we want to know about -Administration sampling