C H A P T E R F I V E

INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS: Between Probation and Incarceration Photo © Corbis, used with permission.

D E F I N T O INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS: New punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime.

D E F I N T O COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS: A philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces (1) decentralization of authority, (2) citizen participation, (3) redefinition of the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most appropriate, and (4) emphasis on rehabilitation through community programs.

D E F I N T O S FRONT-END PROGRAMS: Punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prison. BACK-END PROGRAMS: Sanctions that move offenders from higher levels of control to lower ones for the final phase of their sentence.

of CORRECTIONAL OPTIONS AVERAGE ANNUAL COST of CORRECTIONAL OPTIONS COST per YEAR OPTION per PARTICIPANT Boot camp $32,119 Prison 21,140 Jail 20,702 Halfway house 18,074 Remote-location monitor 4,102 Intensive supervision 3,551 Day reporting 2,781 Community service 2,759 Drug court 2,500 Probation/parole 1,222 House arrest 402

D E F I N T O INTENSIVE SUPERVISION PROBATION: Control of offenders in the community under strict conditions, by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders. McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

D E F I N T O DRUG COURT: A special court empowered to treat, sanction, and reward drug offenders with punishment more restrictive than regular probation but less severe than incarceration.

FINE: A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction. DAY FINE: A financial penalty scaled to both the defendant’s ability to pay and the seriousness of the crime.

D E F I N T O COMMUNITY SERVICE: A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax supported agencies

D E F I N T O DAY REPORTING CENTER: A community correctional center to which an offender reports each day to file a daily schedule with a supervision officer, showing how each hour will be spent.

D E F I N T O REMOTE-LOCATION MONITORING: Technologies, including global positioning system devices and electronic monitoring, that probation and parole officers use to monitor remotely the physical location of an offender.

D E F I N T O RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY CENTER: A medium-security correctional setting that resident offenders are permitted to leave regularly—unaccompanied by staff—for work, for educational or vocational programs, or for treatment in the community.

D E F I N T O BOOT CAMP: A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority, responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment. McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

D E F I N T O POLICY-CENTERED APPROACH: A method of thinking about and planning for intermediate sanctions that draws together key stake-holders from inside and outside the corrections agency that will implement the sanction.

D E F I N T O PROGRAM-CENTERED APPROACH: A method of planning intermediate sanctions in which program design, development, and funding is usually undertaken by a single agency.

D E F I N T O COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS ACTS: State laws that give economic grants to local communities to establish community corrections goals and policies and to develop and operate community corrections programs.

STATES WITH COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS LEGISLATION