1. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions Chapter 14

2. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Learning Objectives 1.Analyze the philosophical assumptions that underlie community corrections 2.Discuss how probation evolved, and how probation sentences are implemented today 3.Describe the types of intermediate sanctions and how they are administered 4.Analyze the key issues facing community corrections at the beginning of the twenty-first century

3. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Community Corrections: Assumptions 1.Not all offenders deserve to be incarcerated. 2.It is cheaper than incarceration. 3.Recidivism rates are no higher than for those who go to prison. 4.Need for support and supervision.

4. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Probation: Corrections without Incarceration Origins and Evolution of Probation Organization of Probation Probation Services

5. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Functions of a Probation Officer Presentence investigation report Supervise clients Includes drug tests Violation of rules Help clients obtain housing, employment, and treatment services

6. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Figure 14.2 Most Serious Offenses Committed by Offenders Sentenced to Probation Most probationers are serving their sentence because they committed property or drug offenses, but almost 20 percent of probationers have been convicted of violent offenses. Sex offenders comprise the smallest category of people sentenced to probation. *Totals are affected by rounding. Source: Erinn J. Heberman and Thomas P. Bonczar, “Probation and Parole in the United States, 2013,” Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, October 2014, NCH 284029.

7. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Technology & Criminal Justice Technology and Probation Are there any issues concerning privacy or misuse of technology that can arise in probation contexts?

8. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Probation: Corrections without Incarceration Reliance on Volunteers Revocation and Termination of Probation Assessing Probation

9. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Doing Your Part Probation Volunteer: Marsha Steinfield Are there any Youth Guidance Centers in your area where you can volunteer and get involved?

10. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Checkpoint 1.What are the four main assumptions underlying community corrections? 2.Who was John Augustus and what did he do? 3.What is the main goal of probation today? 4.What are the major tasks of probation officers? 5.What are the grounds for probation revocation? 6.What rights does a probationer have while revocation is being considered?

11. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Intermediate Sanctions in the Community Intermediate Sanctions Administered Primarily by the Judiciary Fines Restitution Forfeiture

12. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Figure 14.3 Continuum of Intermediate Sanctions Judges may use a range of intermediate sanctions, from those imposing a low level of control to those imposing a high level.

13. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. A potential buyer examines property seized by federal officials from Congressman Randy “Duke” Cunningham after his conviction for taking bribes. The property items were presumably obtained through illegal funds and therefore were subject to forfeiture. Should law enforcement officials be permitted to sell the property that they seize from criminal offenders? Source: AP Images/Ric Francis

14. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Intermediate Sanctions in the Community Intermediate Sanctions Administered in the Community Home Confinement Community Service Day Reporting Centers Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP)

15. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Close Up Controversies over Forfeiture of Cash and Property There are advantages and disadvantages of forfeiture systems—does the good outweigh the bad?

16. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Intermediate Sanctions in the Community Intermediate Sanctions Administered in Institutions and the Community Boot camps Implementing Intermediate Sanctions

17. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. New Directions in Criminal Justice Policy Evidence-Based Practices in Community Corrections Are you optimistic that probation officers and other community corrections officials can be trained to effectively help offenders become less likely to commit new crimes?

18. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Checkpoint (slide 1 of 2) 7.What is the main argument for intermediate sanctions? 8.What is meant by a continuum of sanctions? 9.How do fines, restitution, and forfeiture differ? 10.What are some of the problems of implementing these sanctions? 11.What are some of the problems of home confinement?

19. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Checkpoint (slide 2 of 2) 12.What goes on at a day reporting center? 13.How does intensive supervision probation differ from traditional probation? 14.What are some typical activities at a boot camp? 15.What are three problems in the implementation of intermediate sanctions?

20. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Future of Community Corrections Americans under community supervision grew from 3.7 million to 5 million over the past 10 years. Lack of legislative support Too many control policies Supervision must be tighter

21. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. A Question of Ethics Arrests of probation officers What can be done to reduce the problems illustrated in the box?