1. COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS

2. Intermediate Sanctions
Between probation and prison
Carried out in community
Rehabilitate, while preserving community safety
Goal of re-entry?
Most admissions into prison are parole violators
More time spent in prison, less likely to succeed
Post-release strategies – almost no policy attention

3. Obstacles Unprepared communities Communities have problems already
Higher caseloads and workloads of POs
Citizen objection – NIMBY
Other objectors – law enforcement, victims

4. Implications of Failure
Child abuse
Family violence
Spread of infectious diseases
Homelessness
Community disorganization/quality of life
Weakened effect of positive community attributes and role models
Possible gang activitity

5. Types: IPS Smaller caseloads for POs
More emphasis on offender compliance
Began in 1950s
Implemented in every state and federal system

6. Types: Split Sentences
Incarceration followed by probation option
Shock value of incarceration (offender expecting probation only)
Institutionalization should deter, but not long enough for socialization and its adverse effects to occur

7. Types: Shock Probation
Brief incarceration, then eligible for parole
Offenders’ fate in hands of state DOC or parole board
Usually a 90-day trial release, followed by full release

8. Types: Bootcamps Military style
Discipline training
Physical
Educational component
Designed for non-violent, youth offenders
Common in 1980s
Many people do not finish and go back to prison
Voluntary participation; opportunity for early parole
Relatively brief (~6 months)

9. Types: Home Confinement- Electronic Monitoring
Order to remain in residence
Schedules worked out to accommodate work, appointments, treatment, etc.
Purpose must be court-authorized
Electronic monitoring facilitates compliance
Adopted by all 50 states and federal system

10. Types: Work Release
1975 – authorized by all states and federal system (existed long before this, though)
Obstacles to employment
Public opposition
Lack of knowledge
Lack of documents
Some legal protection against discrimination
Facilitative strategies
Resume building
Job fairs in prison
Partnerships with businesses

11. Types: Educational Release
Offenders attend classes and return to institution
Inmates must have means to support themselves and pay for schooling

12. Types: Halfway Houses
Transition facilities between prison and community
Opened in 1800s; common in 1950s
Gradual transition – completely controlled environment to partially controlled to community (minimal or no control)
6 to 30 inmates in minimum security facility
Inmates who leave may go back to prison
Have curfews, treatment programs
Opposition - NIMBY

13. Types: Day Reporting Centers
Offenders live at home and report to supervision centers daily
Can be a sentence or part of release
Daily schedules account for inmates’ time
Not widely used

14. Drug Courts See p. 218 of book for components and processing details
All states use some form of drug courts
Adopted in tribunal courts in 1997
Use intermediate sanctions, IPS, community- based treatment
Goals
Offender sobriety
Compel participation in treatment program while being monitored

15. Drug Courts Continued Requirements (vary)
GED
Maintain employment
Be current in financial obligations
Community sponsor
Community service hours
Have to accept and be accepted