Video AGE OF EXPLORATION CONQUEST IN AMERICA.

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Presentation transcript:

Video AGE OF EXPLORATION CONQUEST IN AMERICA

COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS CONQUISTADOR: Spanish conqueror After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan Cortes (Spain) - conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold”

HERNAN CORTES vs Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma Video  Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods” Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used enemies to help, 3. Disease) Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico City

AZTEC EMPIRE

FRANCISCO PIZARRO vs Bio. Video  Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru) in 1523 Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver; silver became a HUGE commodity! Spanish eventually conquered, taking over lands from Ecuador to Chile Video 

REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas had many tribal enemies Oppression/abuse of Native Americans: forced to work in encomienda system (slave farming) Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged beliefs

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS? 90% of indigenous population died b/c of enslavement, overwork, or diseases: Smallpox Measles Influenza Many converted to Christianity by force Caught in battle between Spain & Portugal  Optional Video

Treaty of tordesillas 1494 - Agreement between Spain & Portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander VI LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World” Portugal gets everything EAST of the line (Brazil & East Indies) Spain gets everything WEST of the line (Central America, Caribbean, & most of South America)

GET OUT YOUR MAP #1!

SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES Can only import/export with Spain MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country has ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain: Peninsulares – born in Spain Creoles – American-born descendents of Spanish settlers Mestizos – Native & Spanish descent Mulattoes – Spanish & African descent Native Americans African slaves

PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (Brazil) Nobles given land grants; shared profits with king in Portugal Turned to plantation agriculture (esp. sugar) and livestock raising 5 million + Africans brought into Brazil as slaves

VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS In Spanish (no subtitles), but gives it an authentic feel!

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE 1500-1600 Great exchange of new foods, plants, animals, culture, tools, humans, technology, and diseases between the Old World (Europe/Africa) and the New World (America)

The columbian exchange VIDEO (Crash Course)

America before Columbus video Optional (time permitting), part 3 of 3. (30 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9L_jhUID8

Crash Course Video The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation (time permitting) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos