Events Leading up to The Mexican American War

Manifest Destiny: Video Manifest Destiny - belief that the U.S. had the right to all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Manifest Destiny: Video

1. Mexican Independence Spain control Mexico for 300 years Mexican and Spanish settlers move into what we now know as Texas Tejanos 1821: Mexico wins independence from Spain

Impact of Mexican Independence Difficulty governing vast lands Mexico City ignoring N. Provinces Native Americans and Bandits becoming a major problem

2. Mexico Invites U.S. Settlers 1820s- Mexico allows Empresarios to lease land to settlers under 3 circumstances Must follow Mexican Laws Must practice Catholicism Cannot use Slaves MAD DASH to MEXICO!!! made by Americans & Europeans

Stephen F. Austin Most successful empresario “Father of Texas” Led the first legal colonization of Texas issues 297 land grants

Offer to Buy Texas As the number of Americans in Texas increases… John Quincy Adams offers to buy Mexico for $1 million Andrew Jackson offers Mexico $5 million Mexico refuses regrets encouraging white settlers

Tensions Grow More people Anglo than Mexican -45,000 Anglos -5,000 Afr. Am. -12,000 Native Am -3,500 Tejanos Settlers ignore conditions set up by Mexico Bring slaves, do not practice Catholicism, ignore laws

3. Mexico Seals Borders 1830 – Mexico seals borders Placed import tax on Am. Goods Attempt to control which crops Texans could grow Talks of rebellion begin. 1834 – Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mex. 1835- Small rebellions begin in Texas

4. Alamo March 6, 1836 Santa Anna leads Mexican military into the garrison -187 Texans die (Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett) Texas declares its independence during the siege of the Alamo

“Remember the Alamo”

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

5. “Remember the Alamo” Treaty of Velasco gives Texas independence Texan – Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto shouts of “Remember the Alamo” killed 630 Mexicans in 18 minutes captured Santa Anna Treaty of Velasco gives Texas independence Santa Anna set free Sam Houston (1793-1863)

6. The Independent Country 1836: Sam Houston elected and third President of TX Texas becomes “Lone Star Republic” 1838: Houston asked U.S. to annex Texas Slavery/Sectionalism was the issue 1845: Texas becomes 28th state Sam Houston becomes TX Senator James K. Polk Mexico furious  moving toward war

Sam Houston Sam Houston is known as one of the best war heroes in Texas history. After the Texans won their independence, he was elected the first president. When Texas became a state, he was elected to the Congress of The United States.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Santa Anna is known as the villain of Texas History. After he was captured and signed the treaty that gave Texas its independence, he was banned from Mexico. After about 15 years he was allowed to come back into the country.

Stephen Austin Austin is remembered mostly for leading the people from Utah to Texas before the War. He is also remembered for his contributions before, during, and after the war. He died of a disease right after the war.

9-4: The War with Mexico

Causes of the Mexican War Manifest Destiny Annexation of Texas James K. Polk Expansionist

7. Border Dispute Mexico refuses to receive Slidell Polk sends John Slidell to Mexico to purchase California/NM establish border at Rio Grande River Mexico refuses to receive Slidell Gen. Zachary Taylor sent to block Rio Grande River John Slidell

Gen. Zachary Taylor * First battle of the war. Gen. Santa Anna

Congressman David Wilmot (D-PA) Attitudes Toward War South: In favor extend slavery increase power in Congress counter Wilmot Proviso (1846) North: Against viewed as plot to extend slavery Congressman David Wilmot (D-PA)

Mexican War – The Beginning • The U.S. declared war on Mexico in 1846, shortly after annexing Texas.

War Begins

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).

The Mexican Cession

Causes Effects Mexican American War American President? American General?

Forty-Niners Headed to California 1849 – discovery of gold in California Gold Rush

California Gold Rush, 1849

GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

Gadsden Purchase, 1853 U.S. purchases southern New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico for $10 million U.S. wants to build a transcontinental railroad Finalizes the borders of the continental U.S.

the claim of “manifest destiny” has been fulfilled… By the end of the mid-1800s, the claim of “manifest destiny” has been fulfilled… http://wps.ablongman.com/long_divine_app_6/0,2437,32719-,00.html

Westward the Course of Empire Emmanuel Leutze, 1860