GLACIERS CGF3M Nov. 5, 2013.

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Presentation transcript:

GLACIERS CGF3M Nov. 5, 2013

What is a Glacier? A Glacier is a mass of ice with the following characteristics: It extends at least 1/10th of a sq. km It originates on land it moves, or shows evidence of having moved. About 10% of the Earth’s surface is covered by ice.

18 000 years ago… During the last ice age, 30% of the Earth’s surface was covered by ice.

3 Types of Glaciers Continental Glaciers- (Ice Sheets) these are the largest on Earth. Found only in Antarctica and Greenland contain 95% of the Earth’s ice Ice caps are smaller than Continental Glaciers The Antarctic Glacier covers an area larger than the US and Mexico combined!

3 Types of Glaciers 2. Ice Shelves Are attached to land but float on water Can extend hundreds of kms from land Up to 1 km thick

3 Types of Glaciers 3. Alpine Glaciers Occur at high elevations in mountainous regions smallest type of glacier There are several in Alberta and BC. Here is a picture of Victoria Glacier in Lake Louise, AB.

What Role do Glaciers Play in the Water Cycle? Store 75% of the world’s fresh water Release some water as they melt, transporting it to watersheds

How do Glaciers Form? Glaciers are formed from snow, over hundreds of years. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cBcMfaSxpk Firn- transition between snow and ice Accumulation- rate at which the glacier is growing Ablation- rate at which the glacier is shrinking

Surging Glacier in Alaska

Terminology When a glacier flows rapidly, giant cracks called crevasses form. As a glacier moves, it collects debris and carries it along or deposits it at the base of the glacier. This is called a moraine.

Calving- when large pieces of ice break off an ice shelf and create icebergs The largest recorded iceberg (it broke off the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica) was 11 655 sq. kms- the size of Jamaica! See the largest witnessed calving in action in Greenland… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC3VTgIPoGU

Antarctica Read the article and explain what is happening to the Antarctic Ice Shelf