1. Glaciers and frozen water and frozen water

2. What we will learn  What is a glacier?  What is an iceberg?  How do glaciers shape the land?  How do glaciers affect the weather and the oceans?  Should glaciers be melting?  Have there always been glaciers?

3. Glaciers  A glacier is a large mass of snow and ice.  There are different types of glaciers.  Glaciers can and do move.  Glaciers grow and recede.  Glaciers alter the land underneath them.

4. Types of Glaciers  Valley Glacier  Continental Ice Sheets  Ice Caps  Piedmont Glaciers –A single glacier may have stages of multiple types

5. Valley Glacier A valley glacier or alpine glacier travels between two mountain ridges. Over time, it will deepen, widen, and straighten the valley. A valley glacier or alpine glacier travels between two mountain ridges. Over time, it will deepen, widen, and straighten the valley. Examples of valley glaciers include: Muldrow, Hubbard, and Barry glaciers in Alaska Muldrow, Hubbard, and Barry glaciers in Alaska Rhone Glacier in Switzerland Rhone Glacier in Switzerland

6. Continental Ice Sheet Glacier There are two continental ice sheets. Combined they cover almost 10% of the Earth’s land. There are two continental ice sheets. Combined they cover almost 10% of the Earth’s land. If they both melted, the oceans would rise by hundreds of feet. If they both melted, the oceans would rise by hundreds of feet. Examples: Antarctica Antarctica Greenland Greenland

7. Ice Cap Ice cap glaciers cover islands at high latitudes and mountain tops at high elevations. Ice cap glaciers cover islands at high latitudes and mountain tops at high elevations. Examples: Examples: Iceland Iceland Baffin, Devon, and other Arctic islands Baffin, Devon, and other Arctic islands Kilamanjaro in Africa (maybe?) Kilamanjaro in Africa (maybe?)maybe?

8. Piedmont Glacier When a valley glacier spreads out at the base of steep mountains, it may spread out to form a piedmont glacier. When a valley glacier spreads out at the base of steep mountains, it may spread out to form a piedmont glacier. Examples: Examples: Malaspina in Alaska Malaspina in Alaska

9. Tidewater Glacier Glaciers that terminate at sea are called tidewater glaciers. Glaciers that terminate at sea are called tidewater glaciers. Here, the zone of wastage is found where the glacier meets the water. Here, the zone of wastage is found where the glacier meets the water. The glacier calves (breaks off in chunks) into the sea. The glacier calves (breaks off in chunks) into the sea. Examples: Hubbard Glacier- St Elias National Park, Alaska. Hubbard Glacier- St Elias National Park, Alaska. Tyndall Glacier- St. Elias National Park, Alaska Tyndall Glacier- St. Elias National Park, Alaska

10. Calving

11. Extreme Ice Survey  The Extreme Ice Survey is a project funded by National Geographic, NASA, and NSF. They monitor the overall health of the worlds glaciers. –http://www.extremeicesurvey.org/ http://www.extremeicesurvey.org/  EIS on Google Earth –http://www.extremeicesurvey.org/files/8479123808047 2Extreme-Ice-Survey.kml http://www.extremeicesurvey.org/files/8479123808047 2Extreme-Ice-Survey.kmlhttp://www.extremeicesurvey.org/files/8479123808047 2Extreme-Ice-Survey.kml

12. Extreme Ice  PBS Special –http://video.pbs.org/video/1108763899/ http://video.pbs.org/video/1108763899/