Introductory Organic Nomenclature

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Presentation transcript:

Introductory Organic Nomenclature Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkanes General Formula??? All single bonds Saturated hydrocarbons Straight Chain (n-form) or cyclic (note: general formula changes when in ring form) What are isomers? Molecules which contain the same atoms, but different bonding schemes. Draw the five isomers of hexane (6 C’s) Compare melting points and boiling points of these isomers (Are LDF’s the same?)

Alkenes General Formula??? One double bond unsaturated Straight Chain (n-form) or cyclic

A Saturated Triglyceride

Alkynes General Formula??? One triple bond unsaturated Straight Chain (n-form) or cyclic

RULES FOR NAMING ALKANES Methane One carbon Ethane Two carbons Propane Three carbons Butane Four carbons Pentane Five carbons Hexane Six carbons Heptane Seven carbons Octane Eight carbons Nonane Nine carbons Decane Ten carbons

SIDE CHAINS One carbon ---- methyl Two carbons ---- ethyl Three carbons---- propyl Four carbons ---- butyl Halogens ---- chloro, etc….

SPECIAL RULES ABOUT ALKENES AND ALKYNES The multiple bond gets priority over side chains in numbering system. Number the multiple bond with the lowest possible #.