Postwar Georgia Chapters 26 and 27

Changes on the Farm Tractors were growing in popularity. Farms became fewer and larger. Farming turned from agriculture to livestock. These changed meant fewer farm workers were needed so many people moved into the cities for work.

Atlanta Grows UP William Hartsfield Helped bring the first Airport to Atlanta. It one of the busiest in the USA! During his time as mayor Atlanta experienced extreme population growth !

Atlanta Grows Up Ivan Allen, Jr. Served as mayor from 1962-1970. Built memorial Arts, cultural center and civic center. Brought the Braves, Falcons, and Hawks to Atlanta!

Progressive Governor Ellis Arnall One of the most open-minded and effective governors in GA. During his time as governor (1943-1947) GA changed from a poor rural state to one of the most progressive in the South! He beat Eugene Talmadge in the election and the GA General Assembly adopted his entire reform program! Education was a top priority. Changed voting age to 18, abolished poll tax, revised the state constitution, paid off the state debt, and created a board of corrections.

Ellis Arnall

Chapter 27 – Civil Rights in Georgia Describe the major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s. Include Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race, end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.

Benjamin Mays He was a minister and president of Morehouse College. Spoke out against segregation even before the Civil Rights Movement. Impacted Martin Luther King, Jr. Draw a figure with a thought Bubble speaking out agains Segregation. Video

Martin Luther King, Jr. Minister and national leader of the civil rights movement in America. Nonviolent methods such as marches, demonstrations, and boycotts. Formed the SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

Government Gets Involved White primary – This practice of only allowing whites to vote in primaries ended in 1946.

Government Gets Involved 1946 Governor’s Race – Eugene Talmadge won the election but because he was sick many crossed his name off the ballot and wrote in his son, Herman. To decide who was Governor the General Assembly chose between the two people with the largest number of write in votes and Herman Talmadge won! Ellis Arnall didn’t like this and resigned to make his Lt. Governor (Melvin Thompson), Governor. The GA Supreme Court said that the GA was wrong and that Melvin Thompson was legally governor! video

Government Gets Involved In 1956 the General Assembly voted to change Georgia’s flag to include the Confederate battle flag. This was to protest national civil rights changes.

The Government Gets Involved Brown Vs. Board of Education In 1954 the US Supreme Court ruled that separate was not equal (Plessy vs. Ferguson) and that segregation in education was unconstitutional! Herman Talmadge was governor and strongly opposed this ruling! He threatened to close schools and some academies were set up to continue segregation. video

Chapter 28 - EQs What role did Georgia and prominent Georgians play in the Civil Rights Movmement of the 1960s? SS8H11b What role did Andew Young have on Georgia? SS8H11c

Civil Rights Movement SNCC – non violent, peaceful college students founded this group (Student Non-Violent coordinating Committee) They worked to stop segregation in public places and promote black voter registration. Sibley commission – group of Georgians who recommended that each individual district decide if they wanted to integrate their schools (even though federal law said they must).

Charlayne Hunter & Hamilton Holmes First African American students to enter the University of Georgia (1961).

Albany Movement Began in the fall of 1961-1962. Involved the NAACP and SNCC. Their goal was to end all types of segregation in the city. Martin Luther King Jr. joined them but the movement failed. MLK learned they tried to focus on too many things.

March on Washington August, 1963 More than 250,000 people marched in Washington, D.C. to demand equal rights for African American citizens. Martin Luther King made his famous “I have a Dream” speech here.

Civil Rights Act 1964 This act prohibited discrimination based on color, race or religion in places like restaurants, hotels, and theaters, and schools. It resulted in one of the longest debates in the Senate. Richard Russell opposed the bill and organized a filibuster that lasted 75 days. In June 1964, the Senate voted to pass the Civil Rights Act 73-27.

Lester Maddox Believed in states rights and discrimination. Closed his restaurant instead of obeying the law. He was elected governor in 1966 despite not winning the majority of votes. Surprisingly to many he hired more African Americans to work in the government and reformed the prison system. He had “People’s Day”.

Maynard Jackson In 1973, Maynard Jackson, age 35, was elected as the first African American mayor of Atlanta.

Andrew Young Civil rights activist. Worked with MLK. In 1972 he became a US Congressman, the first ever to be elected since Reconstruction. In 1977, Jimmy Carter named him ambassador to the United Nations. Elected mayor in 1981. Helped bring the Olympics in 1996.