Expansion of plants on Earth Výukový materiál EK 01 - 06 Tvůrce: Ing. Marie Jiráková Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Milan Smejkal Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

Expansion of plants on Earth It is not random A presence or absence of a particular species in a given area is a result of the climate, habitat conditions and biotic factors current effects and past effects often work simultaneously

the range and depiction of it a characteristic feature of each taxon (especially species, genus, family, etc.) is an extension to a particular territory a list of all plant taxa of this territory forms „Flora“

The Range The occurrence of a particular taxon with all habitats Phytogeography – chorology - deals with the study of the ranges

The ranges of different taxa They differ in sizes and shapes The ranges can be classified by shape: continuous – locations as a whole discontinuous – locations with two or more parts separated by a hiatus (a territory, where a given taxon does not occur) The ranges can be divided by size: macroranges, mesoranges and microranges

Macroranges and cosmopolitan ranges macroranges include large areas of the earth's surface cosmopolitan ranges include the majority of the earth's surface - for example a nettle

Mesoranges, microranges mesoranges are the areas of a medium size - eg. a beech microranges are the areas, which involve only a small area, sometimes only a single site.

Borders of the ranges They are not constant They reflect the range of the taxon in a specific time period under certain conditions.

Division of the ranges According to human activities: original – primary ranges – without the influence of human activities autochthonous ranges –specific to the territory derivative ranges –secondary – with the influence of human activities allochthonous ranges – not original in the territory

Biological invasions the spread of non-native species outside their primary area human activity has accelerated it global problems of mankind

Maps of the ranges graphical expression of taxa The maps are: netted dot(ted) outline

Worksheets - Revision The flora is made up of …? What does the phytography study? How do we divide the ranges of different taxa? What is a hiatus? What is a biological invasion? What groups can we find in the ranges?

Sources: KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin pro 1. ročník gymnázií. Třetí, upravené vydání – dotisk. Praha: Fortuna, 2003. ISBN 80-7168-736-7.