Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Tubes for Transport Nonvascular Plants Small (almost never taller than 10 cm) Grow in damp places No vascular tissue Absorb nutrients and water like a sponge

Tubes for Transport Nonvascular Plants Vascular Plants Small (almost never taller than 10 cm) Grow in damp places No vascular tissue Absorb nutrients and water like a sponge Vascular Plants Tall Vascular Tissue *Takes in water from soil with roots like drinking with a straw True leaves and roots *Xylem (Carries water and nutrients from roots to plant) *Phloem (Carries sugar from leaves to plant)

Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? No Seeds, Please! Spore - single reproductive cell that can grow into a new plant *Both nonvascular plants (i.e. mosses and liverworts) and vascular plants (i.e. ferns) use spores to reproduce. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

No Seeds, Please! Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? All of these plants have a sexual generation and an asexual generation in their life cycles. *Example – Moss Sexual generation male parts producing sperm female parts producing eggs Sperm and egg combine Fertilized egg grows into a stalk *Example - Moss Stalk Asexual generation Capsule grows at end of stalk, forming spores Spores shoot out when the capsule opens Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

No Seeds, Please! *Example – ferns also use spores to reproduce Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? No Seeds, Please! *Example – ferns also use spores to reproduce Reproductive spores form inside clusters on the underside of the leaflets Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

No Seeds, Please! Fern – Asexual generation Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? No Seeds, Please! Fern – Asexual generation Grows into the large, upright fern plant, called the frond. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Seed Power! Spores need to stay moist and sprout soon after release Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? Seed Power! Spores need to stay moist and sprout soon after release Seeds have a covering that protects them until conditions are right for sprouting. Gymnosperms - plants that do not produce seeds in flowers Seeds have a protective seed coat, but not enclosed by fruit Cone-producing plants (conifers) - most common gymnosperms Examples - pine, fir, spruce, and cedar trees Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Seed Power! *Angiosperms - produce seeds in flowers Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? Seed Power! *Angiosperms - produce seeds in flowers seeds are often enclosed in fruit Seeds easily spread when animals eat the fruits *Gymnosperm - seeds may also be spread by animals, but typically fall to the ground and grow where they land Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

From Flower to Fruit to Seed Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? From Flower to Fruit to Seed Typical flowers have both male and female reproductive parts. *Male part – anther produces pollen (sperm) *Female parts Stigma Ovary - contains eggs in ovules. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

From Flower to Fruit to Seed Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? From Flower to Fruit to Seed Flowers produce nectar that organisms may eat. When an organism gathers nectar, pollen may brush onto it. Pollination - The organism carries this pollen when it moves to the next flower. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

From Flower to Fruit to Seed Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? From Flower to Fruit to Seed Pollination- Pollen reaches the stigma Pollen fertilizes the eggs inside the ovules Ovules develop into seeds Each ovule wall becomes a seed coat Ovary becomes fruit (example: pumpkin) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

From Flower to Fruit to Seed Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? From Flower to Fruit to Seed Identify the following parts of a flower: anther, ovary, ovules, petals, stigma. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? How Seeds Grow Seeds have a hard outer coat that protects them and allows them to rest until the environment is right for growing. Many plant seeds rest during winter and then germinate, or start to grow, when the ground becomes warm and moist in the spring. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce? How Seeds Grow Dormant seed lies in the soil until conditions are right for growing Germination – seed absorbs water, embryo grows, stem pushes upward, roots grow downward Cotyledons provide energy for growth Leaves mature Plant continues to grow, shoot pushes upward Plant grows and matures until it produces flowers and fruit Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company