Lectures (1-2): Introduction and definition of running water and sanitary engineering

Lectures (1-2): Introduction and definition of running water and sanitary engineering Lecture (1-2): Lecture objectives: By the end of this lecture students should be able to: To know the definition of water. To know the Environmental sanitation definition. To understand water cycle.

Lectures (1-2): Introduction and definition of running water and sanitary engineering Water in its liquid form, makes life possible on Earth. All living organisms are composed of cells that contain at least 60 percent. Water molecules are polar(positive and negative), Have ability to separate other molecules from each other, Act as a solvent .

Water molecules are polar(positive and negative),

Running Water: •Runoff (depends on infiltration capacity of the surface material. •Infiltration capacity depends on: duration and intensity of rainfall, permeability of the surface, saturation state of surface. •Runoff moves downhill as either sheet flow or channel flow.

Environmental sanitation definition: Activities aimed at improving or maintaining the standard of basic environmental conditions affecting the well-being of people. These conditions include: (1) clean and safe water supply, (2) clean and safe ambient air, (3) waste disposal, (4) protection of food, (5) adequate housing.

Sanitary engineering: is the application of scientific or mathematical principles with to the field of sanitation, especially in regards to its effect on public health. Sanitation (in hygienic): means preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health.

Water cycle