& Big Five Exploring Countries in Europe Motives for these countries to Explore Trade – Discovery - Religion & Big Five Exploring Countries in Europe Portugal – Spain – France – England - Netherlands

Causes of the Age of Exploration Trade (gold) Luxury goods in Asia Find a way around the Muslims New Discoveries (glory) Claimed new lands by right of discovery Gained power and wealth by establishing new port cities Spread Christianity (god) Convert the indigenous people Used to justified the conquest of indigenous people

Why did Europeans have to sail to India and China? Muslim World circa 1500 Why did Europeans have to sail to India and China?

The Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator Vasco da Gama Built schools for sailors Brought in the best sailors in Europe Learned new techniques New equipment developed Built shipyards Financed expeditions around Africa Vasco da Gama 1st European to sail to India

Why did the Portuguese want to get to these places? Portuguese exploration 1400s-1500s Why did the Portuguese want to get to these places?

The Spanish Reconquista of Spain - 1492 Christopher Columbus Drove all Muslims out of Spain Made Spain very wealthy Christopher Columbus Italian sailor Thought he could sail to China going West Reached the Americas, thought he was in India Columbian Exchange Greatest biological exchange in history 1st time crops, animals, diseases were exchanged between the New world and the Old

How did this change Europe? The Americas?

Discovery of the Americas Lead to an explosion of expeditions Colonization – Settling new lands Conquistadors Explorers looking to conquer indigenous people Get rich in the process Trade ports and colonies allowed countries to get the resources of these newly discovered areas Scramble to find more land and to take over as much land and resources as possible How much land there was to be had was unknown and kept a secret from other rival countries Line of Demarcation Pope settled dispute over who could explore where

Why did the Portuguese ask to move the line further West?

The English Hired expert explorers to explore for them John Cabot Henry Hudson Established the East India Company Set up trade ports all over the world Company ruled over new colonies Helped establish the Triangular Trade From 1500s to the 1800s the British Empire would became the largest empire the world has ever known.

Voyages of James Cook

Where did the British explore?

French Explored first into Canada Traded with Native Americas Lived with indigenous people rather than conquering them Had to compete with England Began exploring the world Setting up colonies

Samuel de Champlain 1603-1615

Where did the French Explore?

The Dutch (Netherlands) The last of the 5 major countries to explore the world. Created the Dutch East India Company Set up trade in Indonesia, Americas and Africa Became the richest country in the world by 1660s

First Dutch Expeditions

The Dutch in Asia

Division of the Spice Islands Europeans setup trade posts in South East Asia France Spain Netherlands England Portugal

Dutch Exploration of the Australasia