Unit 1: Foundations of American Gov’t Influential Philosophers

Prior Knowledge Recap Greek city-states founded democracy. Gov’t ran by the people for their benefit Roman civilization expanded the use of a democracy and established a republic. people elected representatives to Gov’t. The Roman people demanded that laws be written down. They would establish citizenship requirements for the 1st time.

Vocabulary: Enlightenment- a period in European history where traditional social, religious and political ideas are rejected in favor of education and reasoning. (1600’s- 1700’s) Eligible- qualified or worthy of being selected Inalienable- natural rights give by god and no one else Philosopher- a person who seeks wisdom and enlightenment.

Vocabulary: Common law- a system of laws based on accepted customs, traditions and past decisions Great Council- representative Gov’t that the king would have to seek approval through when attempting to establish new laws and policies. Parliament- same as great council, just a later term to identify them Monarchy- a system of Gov’t where kings and queens would control all aspects of Gov’t.

Philosophers that influence American politics John Locke (Second Treaties on Gov’t) Ideas: Gov’t should protect natural right Inalienable right to life, liberty (freedom), and property There is an agreement between the ruler and the ruled (a Social Contract, referenced by Rousseau’s Social Contract) There is only Gov’t power by consent of the governed (people) Gov’t can’t deny basic individual right

Philosophers that influence American politics 2. Jean Jacques Rousseau (The Social Contract). Ideas: People form a community w/ each other not their ruler There is freedom in favor of the majority (most people) This community would vote on all decisions and all must live by this decision

Philosophers that influence American politics? Baron de Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws) Ideas: The best way to ensure that Gov’t protects the natural rights of citizens is to limit its power. (Checks and balances) The best way to limit Gov’t is to divide its basic powers. (Separation of power)

Philosophers that influence American politics? Voltaire Parliament should have elected officials People should vote for their official This included women Slavery should be abolished The church should be separated from the state. Advocate for freedom of speech and religion.