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The International Space Station is a large spacecraft in orbit around Earth. It has a variety of multidisciplinary laboratory facilities and equipment available to conduct science that can't be done on Earth! These capabilities have been built by NASA and its international partners and can be made available on a time-shared basis to other U.S. government agencies, academia and private entities to pursue their own mission-driven research and applications on the space station. The Hubble Space Telescope is a large telescope in space. It was launched into orbit by space shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990. Even before it was launched, specialized ground-based techniques had obtained higher- resolution optical and infrared images than it would achieve, though restricted to targets about 108 times brighter than the faintest targets observed by it. Since then, advances in adaptive optics have extended the high- resolution imaging capabilities of ground- based telescopes to the infrared imaging of faint objects. 11

The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space observatory launched on STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. The science instruments have complementary capabilities to record and analyze X-ray images of celestial objects and probe their physical conditions with unprecedented accuracy. The Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), is an infrared space telescope launched in 2003. It is the fourth and final of the NASA Great Observatories program. Spitzer is the next-generation leap in infrared astronomy, providing order-of-magnitude improvements in astronomical capabilities beyond previous and current observatories. 12

Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), formerly called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), is a space observatory being used to perform gamma-ray astronomy observations from low Earth orbit. Unique capabilities for GeV astrophysics, large effective area, good angular, resolution, huge energy range, and wide field of view Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977. As the spacecraft flew across the solar system, remote-control reprogramming was used to endow the Voyager with greater capabilities than they possessed when they left the Earth. 13

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Which celestial body is composed of ice? 02/04/17 Which celestial body is composed of ice? A comet 17

Which event on the Sun may interfere with communication on Earth? 02/04/17 Which event on the Sun may interfere with communication on Earth? A solar flare 18

Give an example of how the Sun affects the Earth. 02/04/17 Give an example of how the Sun affects the Earth. Light, heat, energy, gravitational pull, etc. 19

02/04/17 Which type of eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Earth and the Sun? A solar eclipse 20

Which planet is located closest to the Sun? 02/04/17 Which planet is located closest to the Sun? Mercury 21

What determines the tides of our oceans? 02/04/17 What determines the tides of our oceans? The gravitational pull of the Moon 22

How long does it take for the Earth to rotate? 02/04/17 How long does it take for the Earth to rotate? 24 hours 23

What are the four terrestrial planets? 02/04/17 What are the four terrestrial planets? Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars 24

What is another name for a revolution when referring to planets? 02/04/17 What is another name for a revolution when referring to planets? Orbit 25

What is our natural satellite? 02/04/17 What is our natural satellite? The Moon 26

Which type of eclipse occurs when the moon enters Earth’s shadow? 02/04/17 Which type of eclipse occurs when the moon enters Earth’s shadow? A lunar eclipse 27

What force keeps planets in orbit? 02/04/17 What force keeps planets in orbit? The Sun’s gravitational pull 28

Describe the gravitational pull of an object with large mass 02/04/17 Describe the gravitational pull of an object with large mass It has a larger gravitational pull 29

They experience opposite seasons 02/04/17 Describe the differences in seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres They experience opposite seasons 30

The Earth’s axis is tilted how many degrees? 02/04/17 The Earth’s axis is tilted how many degrees? 23.5 31

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02/04/17 Test over Astronomy 34