Warm-Up: 1.) Who was the founder of Judaism? 2.) Which Italian artist was known as a “Renaissance Man?” 3.) What did Martin Luther nail to the church door in Wittenberg? 4.) Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world? 5.) What was the name of the three Islamic kingdoms of Africa which helped to establish the Triangular Trade System and the slave trade? 6.) Which absolute monarch wanted to “westernize” Russia? 7.) Who discovered that the heart acts like a pump? 8.) Which French philosopher believed that the government should be divided into three separate branches?

Storming of the Bastille After Louis VXI placed troops outside of Versailles as a result of the formation of the National Assembly and the actions of Tennis Court Oath, rumors began to fly… People thought Louis XVI was going to use military force to dismiss the National Assembly Others thought the troops were going to massacre the French citizens in Paris The people began to gather weapons to defend the city Remember, they are poor and have no weapons… On July 14, 1789 a mob searching for gunpowder and arms stormed the Bastille (a Paris prison)

Storming of the Bastille (cont’d) Great symbolic act of revolution Hacked the commander and guards to death and paraded their heads on sticks around Paris

Declaration of Rights of Men Document which promoted Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas Adopted by the National Assembly Stated that men are born FREE and are EQUAL in rights Guaranteed citizens EQUAL justice, freedom of SPEECH, and freedom of RELIGION

The Royal Family After the National Assembly’s reformation of the French government (remember the Tennis Court Oath?), Louis XIV and his family try to flee to Austria They were stopped just before the border and returned to Paris, where they were put under house arrest

The New Government Remember, the National Assembly created a new constitution and government, which included a… LIMITED Monarchy Louis was dismissed from the throne and had NO MORE absolute power New LEGISLATIVE body – Legislative Assembly Had power to create laws and to approve or reject declarations of war King (but not Louis!) still had the power to enforce laws

Prussia and Austria Fearing of what was happening in France would happen in their countries, Prussia and Austria urged France to restore Louis XVI to power As a result, France declared war in April 1792 Prussians threatened to destroy Paris if the revolutionaries harmed the royal family This pushed the Parisians to storm the palace and massacre the royal guards, imprisoning the royal family

Prussia and Austria (cont’d) With the fear of rebels loyal to the king, the National Assembly set aside the newly created constitution and created a new governing body known as the National Convention It completely abolished the monarchy and now made France a Republic

The Jacobins During this period of time, a radical political organization called the Jacobins came to power Many of the members were responsible for the drastic changes in the French government (from limited monarchy to republic) Made Louis XVI a prisoner and tried him for treason Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette both were sentenced to death by the guillotine

Maximilien Robespierre Some people became extremely upset by the execution of the king and queen, as well as the violent riots and mobs in Paris Rival groups to the Jacobins were starting to rebel as well Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, gained power in France in order to control the revolution Wanted to wipe out France’s past and start over fresh

The Reign of Terror Robespierre governed France as a dictator His reign became known as The Reign of Terror Robespierre and his people worked to eliminate any threats Tried people in the morning and guillotined them in the afternoon Rivals of Robespierre…many who had helped to start and lead the revolution Almost 40,000 people were killed

The End of Terror The National Convention had enough with Robespierre and his violence and he was executed in 1794 As a result, a third government since King Louis XVI’s reign was established Power was placed in the hands of the upper middle class (Bourgeoisie) Two house legislature and an executive body of five men Even though the government was corrupt, it gave the country order Employed an excellent general to command the armies named Napoleon Bonaparte