Who is your greatest enemy? Why? The Punic Wars Who is your greatest enemy? Why?

Expansion Rome conquered Samnites and began to expand throughout the pennisula Syracuse in Sicily attacked Mammertines who had captured Messina, Mammertines asked for assistance from Rome and Carthage Both came to the aide and started a 20 yr war

Carthage Carthage was a Phoenician colony Great sailors who controlled the Western Mediterranean Developed as a military power house at the same time Rome was rising as a power house In North Africa with well protected ports Rome called Punicci

First Punic War A 20 yr war between Rome and Carthage Rome took Sicily and Sardinia, and developed a method of using a hook called a crow to fight on ships like on land, defeated young general named Hamilcar Baracawas Carthage forced to pay a retribution for losing the war Carthage almost went bankrupt trying to repay Rome

Hannibal and the 2nd Punic War Hamilcar had a son Hannibal, son to Baal a Phoenician god, made him take an oath pledging to always hate Rome Rome invaded Spain and drove the Carthiginians out or made them pay heavy taxes, began to rebel asked for help, Hannibal had a large army and responded Rome had built a larger navy and controlled the sea even though the Carthigininas were better sailors, decided to cross the Alps w/ war elephants and force Rome to recall all of their troops, Hannibal croosed the Alps w/ 26,000 infantry, 4,000 calvary and 20 of 60 war elephants, aided by the Gauls who were at war with Rome he headed south Defeated the Roman army 3 x’s until Rome put a new general w/ 36,000 men in the way at Lake Trasemine

Hannibal And the 2nd Punic War, part2 Rome paniced as a large army was destroyed then Hannibal led his army against new consuls, at Cannae Trapped the Romans against a river and killed over 70,000 Romans including the consul from the senate in charge Rome paniced and began drafting boys of age 16 and slaves into the army, was breaking apart Roman system 15 yrs of fighting, Hannibal asked for help from bro in Spain who lost to Scipio, Scipio then elected Consul and took Roman army to North Africa which forced Carthage to recall Hannibal Battle of Zama, Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal Hannibal surrendered to a harsh punishment, Carthage isolated in Africa, lost Numidia, paid a large indemnity to Rome an dagreed to not war outside of Africa and only in Africa w/ permission

3rd Punic war and the destruction of Carthage Carthage recovered economically, led by Hannibal , Rome demanded that he surrender as a war criminal, fled to Greece and Turkey where the Romans were expanding in pursuit Haniibal took poison to avoid capture Numidia pressed Carthage into attacking, bringing Rome into the 3rd Punic war, Rome attacked city and forced a surrender, inhabitants of city sold into slavery, all their land became a Roman province and salt was sowed in the ground to make sure nothing would grow there again

The Illyrian Wars Romans invaded Greece but set all of the Greek city states free Greeks began fighting each other allowing the Romans to let them weaken themselves This allowed Rome to attack and plunder Greece when they needed money and Greece remained weak