1. The Rise of the Roman Republic 500 BCE to 48 BCE

2. Terms to know Republic – citizens elect representatives to run the government, the head of which is usually the President. Patricians – members of the ruling families of Rome. They laid claim or ownership of the land. Plebeians – were the lower class members of Rome. They were entitled to very little rights and owned very little.

3. The Roman Legion Legions = 4000 to 5000 troops ( Rome had 4 legions) Legions were broken down into Cohorts of 500 troops 3 identified groups in a cohort :  Hasti – young people carried javelins  Principes – older with superior weapons (shield)  Triarii - veterans

4. Control of Italy League of Italian Nations takes control of Southern Etruria 265 bce– they would control the whole peninsula Rome gained control by allowing conquered peoples to retain some of their land and continue to practice their culture They now set their sights beyond the peninsula putting them on a collision course with Carthage

5. Carthage Northern Italy Came from the area we know as Israel and Lebanon Empire was based on trade and commerce throughout the Mediterranean Sea Had bases on the Islands of Sicily and Sardinia

6. Punic Wars 1 st war (264 bce to 241) = Rome invaded Sicily. Rome dominated the land but Carthage controlled the sea Rome wins because of wealth. They force Carthage to pay 3300 talents and hand over Sicily Significance: Hamilcar Baccara would hate the Romans for this and swore that he would see them destroyed

7. Hannibal Second Punic war (218 bce – 202 bce) Hamilcar has a son named Hannibal He invades Rome 215 bce by crossing the Alps with 40 Elephants and 40 000 men Three Battles where he hammers the Romans:  Trebia River  Lake Trasimene  Cannae Hannibal would lose his final battle against Scippio Africanus at the battle of Zama

8. 3 rd Punic War Rome forced Carthage to pay a heavy price 10 000 Talents in 50 annual instalments By 150 bce Carthage has rebuilt it’s navy and Rome goes to war again This time Rome burns Carthage to the ground and covers their fields in salt so nothing will ever Grow Rome is the soul power house in the Mediterranean Sea.