REVIEW What is the largest unit in the Roman army? How many troops are in that unit? What did Legionaries do for training? Who were the auxiliaries? What was their reward for serving in the army?

The Punic Wars World History

I. Beginning A. Carthage 1. Richest, most powerful state in Mediterranean 2. Empire included parts of Sicily a. Made Rome nervous B. Causes 1. Carthaginian presence in Sicily 2. Carthage threatened to take straight of Messina 3. War broke out in 264 B.C.

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II. First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) A. Carthage strong navy B. Rome strong army C. Rome builds navy, land tactics on water 1. Defeats Carthaginian navy D. Carthage surrenders 1. Cede all rights to Sicily 2. Agrees to pay indemnity to Rome

III. Second Punic War 218-202 B.C. A. Carthaginian General Hannibal stops Roman revolt in Spain B. Decides to take war to Rome C. 30,000 men, 6,000 horses and 40 war elephants try to cross the Alps 1. Half die, all but one elephant D. Battle of Cannae 216 B.C. kills 50,000 Romans 1. Rome rebuilds army

III. Second Punic War 218-202 B.C. E. Hannibal doesn’t have enough men to attack major cities F. Attacks countryside and legions G. Scipio – Roman general 1. Takes battle to Carthage 2. Battle of Zama (202 B.C.) – defeats Hannibal 3. Carthage lost Spain 4. Promised not to go to war without Rome’s permission

IV. Third Punic War A. Fifty years later, Carthage goes to war in Africa B. Rome attacks 1. Cato a. “and I think Carthage should be destroyed” 2. 146 B.C. Carthage destroyed

V. Post-war A. Rome started war with Macedonia 1. Defeated in 197 B.C. 2. Under Roman “protection” B. Roman control of entire region