Ch. 1 - Matter I. Properties & Changes in Matter (p.2-7) Extensive vs. Intensive Physical vs. Chemical States of Matter C. Johannesson

Introduction Chemistry studies the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. A Chemical refers to any substance that has a definite chemical composition. C. Johannesson

A. Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry- studies carbon-containing compounds. Inorganic Chemistry- studies non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics) Physical Chemistry- studies the changes of matter in relation to energy. C. Johannesson

A. Branches of Chemistry Analytical Chemistry- identifies the components and composition of materials. Biochemistry- studies the processes occurring in living things. Theoretical Chemistry- utilizes mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds. C. Johannesson

A. Building Blocks of Matter Matter can be defined as anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. C. Johannesson

A. Building Blocks of Matter Atom- the smallest unit of an element that maintains its chemical identity. Element- a pure substance that cannot be broken down and is made of one type of atom. Ex- Carbon Compound- a substance made up of the atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Ex- H2O C. Johannesson

B. Extensive vs. Intensive Extensive Property depends on the amount of matter present Intensive Property depends on the identity of the substance, not the amount All substances, whether it’s an element or compound, has characteristic properties that can be used to identify them. Properties are either Intensive or Extensive… C. Johannesson

B. Extensive vs. Intensive Examples: boiling point volume mass density conductivity intensive extensive C. Johannesson

C. Physical vs. Chemical Physical Property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity Properties can also be grouped into two general types… C. Johannesson

C. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: melting point flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air physical chemical C. Johannesson

C. Physical vs. Chemical Physical Change changes the form of a substance without changing its identity properties remain the same Chemical Change changes the identity of a substance products have different properties C. Johannesson

C. Physical vs. Chemical Signs of a Chemical Change change in color or odor formation of a gas formation of a precipitate (solid) change in light or heat C. Johannesson

C. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water burning a log melting ice grinding spices chemical physical C. Johannesson

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory KMT Particles of matter are always in motion. The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases. C. Johannesson

B. Four States of Matter Solids very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume C. Johannesson

B. Four States of Matter Liquids low KE - particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume C. Johannesson

B. Four States of Matter Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume C. Johannesson

B. Four States of Matter Plasma very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, variable shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs C. Johannesson