Act of Supremacy Six Articles Submission of the Clergy Court of First Fruit and Tenths Act in Restraint of Appeals Valor Ecclesiasticus Court of Augmentations Passed in February. It said Henry’s divorce case was to be heard in England and Catherine could not appeal to Rome. Report which assessed the value of monastic land. Established with Richard Rich as Chancellor, to handle the property and income from the dissolved Monasteries. Gave Henry power over Church law (i.e. church could no longer make laws independently) and Henry could choose bishops even if the Pope didn’t approve. Acknowledge Henry as head of the Church. The word ‘acknowledged’ was used to emphasise that he had always been head, and was now taking it up. Reinforced existing heresy laws and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine as the basis of faith for the English Church (without Pope as head). Taxes previously paid to the Pope when a person was appointed and then one-tenth of their income every year

Act of Supremacy Six Articles Submission of the Clergy Court of First Fruit and Tenths Act in Restraint of Appeals Valor Ecclesiasticus Court of Augmentations Acknowledge Henry as head of the Church. The word ‘acknowledged’ was used to emphasise that he had always been head, and was now taking it up. Reinforced existing heresy laws and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine as the basis of faith for the English Church (without Pope as head). Gave Henry power over Church law (i.e. church could no longer make laws independently) and Henry could choose bishops even if the Pope didn’t approve. Taxes previously paid to the Pope when a person was appointed and then one-tenth of their income every year Passed in February. It said Henry’s divorce case was to be heard in England and Catherine could not appeal to Rome. Report which assessed the value of monastic land. Established with Richard Rich as Chancellor, to handle the property and income from the dissolved Monasteries.

Where we are at… So far we have studied: HVIII’s accession to the throne HVIII’s personality and aims Religion during HVIII reign Rebellions during HVIII reign We are currently looking at government, and so far we have looked at: Wolsey years Government during the Break with Rome NOW we are looking at Government in the final years of HVIII reign

Factions at Court The fall of Cromwell and problems in the Final Years of Henry VIII reign

A existence of 2+ factions A group of people who work together to achieve something (normally competing with others) Factionalism A existence of 2+ factions Note: in the context of Tudor England, factions are generally trying gain recognition from the King (Henry VIII)

Thomas Cromwell’s Fall (p105-106) Anne Boleyn was married to HVIII for three years… but then was accused of adultery (with her brother amongst many others) and was executed. 13 days later Henry married Jane Seymour! In 1537 things were going well for Cromwell, Henry had married Jane Seymour and a male heir (Edward) was born. Protestant reforms were progressing well. Cromwell looked to set up a foreign protestant marriage for Henry when Jane died. Cromwell arrange a marriage to Anne of Cleves (in Germany). This went terribly wrong as Cromwell and Henry appear to have been misled over her appearance. The marriage went through but didn’t last long and the relationship between Henry and Cromwell was damaged by this.

Cromwell’s enemy (and pals) at Court (p.105) Duke of Norfolk Issue Detail Catherine Howard Protestant Reform

Cromwell’s fall and death…

Cromwell the Man (p.106) Traditional view- cunning, scheming man with no morality. He used informants to spy on his enemies and get them executed. Elton however sees him very differently: Explain Elton’s view What are the interpretations of Cromwell in Sources B, C and D? Which is the more convincing?

Interpretations B: Traditional view asserted; King is to blame for this; misleading view; could keep up; no appetite for show; business-minded CROMWELL AS THE TALENTED, BUSINESS MAN C: King was closer to decisions; need a pro-active minister; political originality; less recognitions that Wolsey EMPHAISES THE KINGS ROLE Tradition view asserted; formative; shift in reputation; Elton’s view BALANCED VIEW – BUT CROMWELL WAS MORE SIGNIFICANT THAN WOLSEY

Continuing factions, 1540-47 (p108-110) Conservative Faction Reform Faction Key men Wives of Henry Religious beliefs Victories Losses

Continuing factions, 1540-47 (p108-110) Conservative Faction Reform Faction Key men Duke of Norfolk Stephen Gardiner Edward Seymour Archbishop Cranmer Sir William Paget Wives of Henry Catherine Howard Catherine Parr Religious beliefs Accept break with Rome but oppose doctrinal change Accepted break with Rome and wanted Protestant doctrines introducing Victories Losses

Position 1546-7 What mistakes did the conservative Bishop Gardiner make? Why is Sir Anthony Denny significant? Why did the Conservative faction collapse?