1. The Henrician Reformation
Henry VIII: Defender of the Faith
Traditional Catholic
Wolsey & More
The “Great Matter” & the Succession
Katherine of Aragon & Anne Boleyn
The Break from Rome
The Reformation Parliament
Financial, Judicial, Symbolic
Dissolution of the Monasteries
First & Second Steps; Consequences
Royal Vacillations and Court
Reform and Conservative Factions
The 1540s & English Reformations
&
Henry VIII, after Hans Holbein

2. Henry VIII: Defender of the Faith
Traditional Christian Monarch Fidei Defensor: Opposing Luther, 1521 Assertio Septem Sacramentorum Cardinal Wolsey Lord Chancellor, 1515 Personification of Reformers’ Ire “Wolf-see” Thomas More Speaker, House of Commons, 1523 Lord Chancellor, 1529 Catholic Defender Responsio ad Lutherum, 1523 Dialogue Concerning Heresies, 1529
Wolsey, 1526, in Christ Church, Oxford

3. The Great Matter & the Royal Succession
First Marriage
Katherine of Aragon, ‘09-
Spanish; Catholic; Pious
One Daughter, Mary
Wandering Eyes
Henry’s Mistresses
“Bessie” Blount – Henry Fitzroy
Mary Boleyn
Enter Anne,
French Experience; Eyes
Attendant of Katherine
Leviticus 20:21 (“an unclean thing”)
Deuteronomy 25:5 (“go in unto”)
Wolsey’s Predicament
Papal Politics; Clement VII’s Bind
Unsuccessful; Fall in 1529
A Love Letter from Henry to Anne Boleyn

4. Old Testament Arguments
Leviticus 20:21 And if a man shall take his brother’s wife, it is an unclean thing: he hath uncovered his brother’s nakedness; they shall be childless. Deuteronomy 25:5 If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger: her husband’s brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of an husband’s brother unto her.

5. Break from Rome & Shift to Reform, 1529-1536
The Reformation Parliament, ‘29-’36 Same Time as Boleyn’s Rise Anticlerical from the Start Commons Supplication against the Ordinaries, 1531; Submission of the Clergy The Break from Rome Financial: Restricting Payment of Annates, 1532 Judicial: Restricting Appeals to Rome, 1533 NB: H8 Weds Boleyn Jan. 25, ‘33 Ecclesiastical: Act of Dispensations, 1534 Symbolic: Act of Supremacy, 1534 Henry’s Royal Reformers Thomas Cranmer, Abp. Cant, ’33 Thomas Cromwell, Secretary, ‘34
Sir Thomas More, 1527, Holbein

6. Dissolution of the Monasteries, 1536-40
First Steps Wolsey’s Precedent – Cardinal College Cromwell’s Initiatives (Royal & Religious) Valor Ecclesiasticus, : Less than £200 Yearly Income Second Steps 1539: All Remaining Larger Houses Court of Augmentations Consequences Material and Landed Wealth of Crown Sale of Lands to Nobility, Gentry Abbots out of the House of Lords Education, Charity, Hospitality Suffered
Whitby Abbey, Dissolved 1539

7. Royal Vacillations and Court
Cranmer, Cromwell, & the 1530s Connections with Germany League of Schmalkalden Ten Articles, ‘36; Thirteen Articles, ‘38 English Bible Authorized, ‘37 & ‘39 Boleyns to ‘36; Seymours from ‘36 The Conservative Turn Six Articles, ’39 (Transubstantiation) Failed Marriage to Anne of Cleves, ’40 New Marriage to Catherine Howard, ’40 Stephen Gardiner & Thos. Howard, Dk. Norfolk July 30, 1540: 6 Executed 3 Lutherans, Heresy; 3 Catholics, Treason Common Theme: Royal Supremacy
The Great Bible (Cromwell’s Copy?) St. John’s, Cambridge, Bb.8.30

8. The 1540s & English Reformations
Court Faction & Religio-political Caution Howards & Seymours Catherine Parr, m Thomas Cranmer, Abp. Cant Contact with Lutherans ebbs and flows Restriction of Bible Reading, ’43 Competing Reformations Henry’s Supremacy in England Political, Religious, Economic “Catholicism without the Pope” Protestant Desires Anticlerical, Theological, Economic “Reformed” Religion Across Europe Contacts with German & Swiss Common Theme: Royal Supremacy
Thomas Cranmer, 1545; by Gerlach
Flicke; NPG