India SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the “Golden Age” under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka.

India Geography!

Geography Mountains (N) and desert (E) separate India from the rest of Asia Indus and Ganges Rivers Monsoons: cyclical, seasonal winds that bring rain or dryness

Civilization!! 7,000 BCE domestication and agriculture 2,500 BCE first cities Harappan civilizations – made of large cities Mohenjo-Daro Harappa

Planning Language Harappan cities were planned! (page 46) Not deciphered Believed to be similar to hieroglyphics and cuneiform

Culture Religion Few weapons Artifacts – toys! (prosperous & could afford nonessentials) Animals very important to society Possible theocracy Artifacts link to Hindu culture (will cover later) Important figures still used today (example: bull)

Mauryan Empire (Moorian) 321 BCE Chandragupta Maurya (Mooria) unifies India Divides India into four provinces 301 BCE Asoka (Chandragupta’s grandson!) promotes Buddhism and religious tolerance – acceptance of other beliefs

Gupta Empire 320 CE Chandra Gupta (No relation) Society was patriarchal – headed by eldest male (some were matriarchal – headed by eldest female) “Golden Age” – expanded empire, increased trade, art, religious thought, and scientific exploration increased!

Hinduism & Buddhism SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE Explain the development and impact of Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism

Hinduism & Buddhism Sources to Consult… Textbook: Hinduism & Buddhism – pages 66 - 71 Buddhism – pages 284 – 285 Hinduism – pages 288 – 289 Hinduism & Buddhism Comparison Chart – page 296

Hinduism Developed slowly Vedas religious texts Upanishads dialogues between student and teacher Religion is meant to liberate the soul!!

Hinduism Main Deities: Reincarnation – soul being born again & again & again… Karma – good or bad deeds that influence reincarnation Main Deities: Brahma – Creator Vishnu – preserver Shiva - destroyer

Hinduism – Social Class Caste System class system, born into, cannot move Actions in previous life determine caste in next one

Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Enlightenment – wisdom Four Noble Truths Life is filled with suffering Cause of suffering is desire for temporary pleasure Way to end suffering is to end desire The way to overcome suffering and end desire is the Eightfold Path

Buddhism Nirvana – release from selfishness and pain Rejects Caste system Spread to China, Korea, Japan, & other areas through trade.