7:12 Urinary System AKA- Excretory system Removes certain wastes and excess water from the body Maintains homeostasis Maintains acid-base balance Consists of: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, and urethra

Kidneys: Bean-shaped organs Location- Retroperitoneal cavity Protected by ribs & fat STRUCTURES: Cortex- where nephrons work Medulla-collecting tubes Hilum-notched area Nephrons-produce urine

Nephron Blood -->Thru Artery 1. Glomerulus filters and blood returns thru artery 2. Waste goes thru Bowman’s capsule to identify what is kept by the body. 3.Waste goes thru proximal tubule down loop of henle Up distal tubule and to collecting duct.

Ureters Muscular tubes about 10–12 inches long Extend from renal pelvis of each kidney to bladder Peristalsis moves urine through tube to bladder

Bladder Muscular sac Lined with mucous membranes Three layers of visceral muscle form walls Function: Store urine Urge to void: 250 ml or approx. 1 cup of urine Circular sphincter muscles: reflex action that becomes voluntary with age

Urethra Carries urine from bladder to the outside Urinary meatus: external opening Female system: 3.75 cm, carries only urine Male system: 20cm, carries urine and semen Urine Conditions affecting urination

Diseases and Abnormal Conditions Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, bacterial Glomerulonephritis or nephritis: Inflammation of the glomerulous of the kidney Pyelonephritis: Kidney infection, bacterial Renal calculus or urinary calculus: Kidney stones Renal failure: Kidney stops functioning, can be short-term Chronic renal failure: Long term Kidney failure r/HTN, DM, etc… Uremia: Kidneys fail and urinary waste builds up in the blood Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra, bacterial, bubble baths, etc…