1. Renal Structure and Function

2. Kidneys Paired Retroperitoneal
Partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs
Right slightly lower due to liver
Surrounded by renal capsule
Adipose capsule
Renal fascia

5. Anatomy Hilum (hilus) Renal artery and vein Cortex Medulla
Renal pyramids and renal papillae
Major and minor calyces
Renal Pelvis
Ureters

7. Ureters connect kidneys to urinary bladder
Urethra leads from bladder outside the body

9. Kidney has two major functions:
Kidneys make up 1 % of body mass, but receive about 25% of cardiac output.
Kidney has two major functions:
1. Filtration of blood
Removes metabolic wastes from the body, esp. those containing nitrogen

10. 2. Regulation:
Blood volume and composition
Electrolytes
Blood pH
Blood pressure

11. How to kidneys work?

12. Nephrons Functional unit of the kidney
1.25+ million nephrons per kidney
Forms urine in the Kidney after blood is filtered

14. Nephrons Glomerulus – tangled web of capillaries
Filter fluid  filtration to start process of forming urine
Glomerular capsule aka Bowman’s capsule- cap-like structure which surrounds the glomerulus
- receives fluid filtrate from glomerulus

15. Regulates concentration of urine
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Coiled portion of tube leading from glomerular/Bowman’s capsule to nephron loop
Reabsorption of water and solutes
Nephron loop aka Loop of Henle
Portion of tube which straightens and curves back (ascending and descending limbs)
Regulates concentration of urine

16. Nephrons
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)- coiled tube connecting nephron loop and collecting duct (within renal complex)
Collecting duct- tube leading away from several nephrons
-Take urine through renal papilla opening to calyx

19. RENAL CIRCULATION