Contraception

Facts: 80% of American women have a child by age 45 64% of women 15-44 are on contraceptives

Outercourse Oral sex Anal intercourse It can be a viable form of birth control It is not “safe sex” you can still get STD.s

Who is likely to use contraception ineffectively? People who feel guilty about sex

Oral contraceptives Advantages Disadvantages Very effective (99%+) Increase spontaneity and enjoyment Risks are much lower than pregnancy Disadvantages Decrease sexual motivation Water weight gain Problems with blood clots (in some users)

Types of pills Constant dose combination pill Multiphasic pill Most common Multiphasic pill Both types prevent conception by inhibiting ovulation Mini pill Progestin only

Danger signs for pill users = ACHES Abdominal pain Chest Pain Heart attack Headaches Eye problems Blurred vision Light flashes Blindness Severe leg pain Blood clot in leg

The patch Estrogen and progestin 1 patch a week for 3 weeks on & 1 week off 99% effective (similar to pill) Prevent ovulation Increase cervical mucus

Intrauterine Device - IUD Danger signs = PAINS Period late or no period Abdominal pain Increased temperature, fever, chills Nasty discharge Foul smelling Spotting, bleeding, heavy periods, clots

IUD effectiveness due to: Copper Progesterone Irritation in uterus Makes implantation unlikely

IUD in uterus

Male Condoms With Nonoxynol-9 Additional protection against STD’s How to use

Female condoms

Diaphragm One of the least effective birth control methods

Cervical cap

Spermicide

Depo-Provera Progestin only Injection Once every 12 weeks (3months)

Emergency contraception High dose of estrogens or progestins

Contraceptive patch for women http://www.orthoevra.com/about_ortho_evra/about_ortho_evra.html

Norplant Implants Progestin only Best for a woman who smokes cigarettes, has high blood pressure, is forgetful, and likes spontaneous sex Legal problems (several law suits filed against this product)

Basal Body Temp. (Rhythm Method)

What is the leading method of birth control in the United States? Sterilization

Male sterilization (Vasectomy)

Vasectomy reversal http://www.vasectomy.com/general/index.asp

Female sterilization

Female Sterilization (Cont.)

Seasonale 4 periods a year Low-dose estrogen and progestin 12 weeks of active pills + 1 week of dummy pills Twice the risk of “breakthrough” bleeding

Seasonale (Cont.) Pill - similar to other pills with hormones 84 pink hormone pills and 7 white inactive pills Withdrawal bleeding should occur during the 7 days following discontinuation of pink active tablets. One period every three month.

NuvaRing Estrogen hormone ring Insert in vagina Worn 3 out of 4 weeks Position not critical Low dose hormone = low side effects