Matter Chapters 1 and 2

Why does all matter have mass and take up space? It is made up of tiny particles that have mass and take up space.

What is matter made up of? Extremely tiny particles called atoms or molecules

What are the 3 states of matter? Solid, liquid, gas

What caused the red liquid in our thermometers rise and fall? The molecules in the liquid move slower when they are colder and move closer to each other, so the liquid falls. The molecules in the liquid move faster when they are warmer and spread apart a little, so the liquid rises.

When gas is heated, what happens to the particles? The particles move faster.

What happens to the molecules when you heat a solid? The molecules move a faster and get a little further apart.

When liquids are frozen, what happens to the molecules? They move closer together. In our ‘freezing’ lab, why did the volume of water increase when it was frozen? Water molecules are unique in that they need to connect in a specific fixed position, so they take up more space when frozen.

In our lab with food coloring in warm and cold water, why did the food color mix faster in the warm water? The water molecules are moving faster in the warm water.

Give me an example of evaporation All of the following where the liquid changes into water vapor in the air….. Rain puddle drying up Lake or ocean getting heated by the sun Wet towel becoming dry

What happens to the energy in the process of conduction? Energy is transferred from a higher temperature substance to a lower temperature substance Faster moving particles transfer energy to slower moving particles

What is the boiling point of a substance? The temperature in which a liquid begins to vaporize into a gas

What is conduction? The faster moving molecules contact slower moving molecules and transfer energy to them. This requires CONTACT between the 2 substances.

When water evaporates do the water molecules change. Separate When water evaporates do the water molecules change? Separate? Break apart? The individual water molecules stay together, they just separate from the other water molecules.

What happens when water vapor condenses? The water vapor changes from a gas to a liquid.

What is sublimation? The unique process of changing a solid into a gas

What is freezing? A process that causes a substance to change from a liquid to a solid.

Temperature measured by a thermometer is actually measuring what? The average kinetic energy (the energy it possesses due to motion) of the atoms or molecules of the substance.

How can you speed up the rate that water vapor condenses? Cooling the water vapor makes the molecules move slower and their attractions bring them closer together.

What is a water molecule (H20) made of? Table salt (NaCl) Carbon dioxide (CO2)? 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom 1 Sodium and 1 chloride atoms 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms

Why does ice melt and become liquid water? The water molecules move fast enough to break out of their fixed positions.

On a molecular level, what is the difference between a solid and a liquid? The molecules in a liquid are closer together than in a solid.

What are the characteristics of a gas? no definite volume or shape; particles are not very attracted to each other; particles are farther apart than those in liquid and solid.

What are the characteristics of a liquid? definite volume, but changes shape based on the container; particles are attracted to each other; particles can move past each other

What happens to the molecules in a liquid during evaporation? The molecules gain enough energy to overcome the attraction between the other molecules and break away to become a gas.

What is condensation? This is the opposite of what process? When the molecules of a gas slow down, come together, and form a liquid. The opposite of evaporation.

What are the characteristics of a solid? definite volume and shape; particles are attracted to each other; particles are in a fixed position; particles vibrate but do not move past each other; not a lot of space between the particles

Review ALL of your lab packets from chapters 1 and 2. Make sure you know the concepts that each lab was intended to expose to you.