1. Chapter 3
States of Matter
Preview
CRCT Preparation

2. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
1. The table shows data from a laboratory experiment in which Andrew measured the temperatures of water in various states. Which of the following would be a valid conclusion from this experiment?
A The particles in ice water have less energy than the particles in ice do.
B The particles in ice have more energy than the particles in water do.
C The particles in ice water have more energy than the particles in boiling water do.
D The particles in boiling water have more energy than the particles in ice water do.

3. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
1. The table shows data from a laboratory experiment in which Andrew measured the temperatures of water in various states. Which of the following would be a valid conclusion from this experiment?
A The particles in ice water have less energy than the particles in ice do.
B The particles in ice have more energy than the particles in water do.
C The particles in ice water have more energy than the particles in boiling water do.
D The particles in boiling water have more energy than the particles in ice water do.

4. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
2. Which of the following sentences best describes the process that happens when liquid water becomes ice at its freezing point?
A Energy is added to the water, so its particles move slower.
B Energy is added to the water, so its particles move faster.
C Energy is removed from the water, so its particles lock into place.
D Energy is removed from the water, so its particles move apart.

5. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
2. Which of the following sentences best describes the process that happens when liquid water becomes ice at its freezing point?
A Energy is added to the water, so its particles move slower.
B Energy is added to the water, so its particles move faster.
C Energy is removed from the water, so its particles lock into place.
D Energy is removed from the water, so its particles move apart.

6. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
3. Which of the following sentences describes oxygen at room temperature?
A It has a constant volume and a definite shape.
B It has a constant volume but takes the shape of its container.
C Its particles move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them.
D Its particles have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement.

7. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
3. Which of the following sentences describes oxygen at room temperature?
A It has a constant volume and a definite shape.
B It has a constant volume but takes the shape of its container.
C Its particles move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them.
D Its particles have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement.

8. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
4. What equipment would you use to measure 10 mL of water for an experiment? A B C D

9. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
4. What equipment would you use to measure 10 mL of water for an experiment? A B C D

10. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
5. In a laboratory experiment, Kevin compared the viscosities of several substances. Substances A, B, and C flowed at different rates, but substance D did not flow at all. Which of the following is a valid conclusion?
A Substance D is at its melting point.
B Substance D is in the same state as the other substances.
C Substance D is a solid.
D Substance D’s particles have little attraction to one another.

11. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
5. In a laboratory experiment, Kevin compared the viscosities of several substances. Substances A, B, and C flowed at different rates, but substance D did not flow at all. Which of the following is a valid conclusion?
A Substance D is at its melting point.
B Substance D is in the same state as the other substances.
C Substance D is a solid.
D Substance D’s particles have little attraction to one another.

12. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
6. An ad for a brand of dry ice claims that the dry ice keeps food cold without getting it wet. Which of the following is a valid explanation for this claim?
A Dry ice undergoes sublimation.
B Dry ice is not frozen.
C Dry ice is colder than ice made from water.
D Dry ice keeps food from freezing.

13. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
6. An ad for a brand of dry ice claims that the dry ice keeps food cold without getting it wet. Which of the following is a valid explanation for this claim?
A Dry ice undergoes sublimation.
B Dry ice is not frozen.
C Dry ice is colder than ice made from water.
D Dry ice keeps food from freezing.

14. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
7. Madison conducted an experiment to find out what happens to the temperature of water after the water starts boiling. She measured the water’s temperature every 30 s during the experiment. Which of the following statements describes how she should graph her data?
A Place time on the x-axis and boiling point on the y-axis.
B Place amount of water on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
C Place time on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
D Place temperature on the x-axis and boiling point on the y-axis.

15. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
7. Madison conducted an experiment to find out what happens to the temperature of water after the water starts boiling. She measured the water’s temperature every 30 s during the experiment. Which of the following statements describes how she should graph her data?
A Place time on the x-axis and boiling point on the y-axis.
B Place amount of water on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
C Place time on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
D Place temperature on the x-axis and boiling point on the y-axis.

16. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
8. In a laboratory experiment, Rashida observed water as it vaporized, froze, melted, and condensed. Which of the following is a valid conclusion?
A She observed different changes of state.
B Each of these processes happened at different temperatures.
C All of the changes required energy to be absorbed.
D All of the changes required energy to be released.

17. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
8. In a laboratory experiment, Rashida observed water as it vaporized, froze, melted, and condensed. Which of the following is a valid conclusion?
A She observed different changes of state.
B Each of these processes happened at different temperatures.
C All of the changes required energy to be absorbed.
D All of the changes required energy to be released.

18. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
9. The diagrams were used to illustrate the arrangement of the particles of a substance in three different states of matter. Which of the following statements is correct?
A The particles in diagram 1 move faster than the particles in diagram 2.
B The particles in diagram 3 move fast enough to break away from each other.
C The particles in diagrams 1 and 2 are locked in place.
D The particles in diagram 2 are affected by electric and magnetic fields.

19. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
9. The diagrams were used to illustrate the arrangement of the particles of a substance in three different states of matter. Which of the following statements is correct?
A The particles in diagram 1 move faster than the particles in diagram 2.
B The particles in diagram 3 move fast enough to break away from each other.
C The particles in diagrams 1 and 2 are locked in place.
D The particles in diagram 2 are affected by electric and magnetic fields.

20. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
10. Identify the three most familiar states of matter and describe the motion and arrangement of the particles in each of the states.

21. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
10. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:
• The three most familiar states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
• The particles in a solid do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. The particles in a solid are close together and vibrate in place.
• The particles in a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them. The particles are close together but can slide past one another.
• The particles in a gas move fast enough to overcome almost all of the attraction between them. The particles are far apart and move independently.

22. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
11. Brasstown Bald has an elevation of 1.5 km above sea level and is the highest point in Georgia. The Atlantic coast of Georgia is at sea level. How does the boiling point of water differ between these two locations? Why does this difference exist?

23. CRCT Preparation
Chapter 3
11. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:
• The boiling point of water is lower at Brasstown Bald than it is at the Atlantic coast.
• The boiling point of water depends on atmospheric pressure. As atmospheric pressure decreases, the boiling point also decreases.
• The atmospheric pressure at Brasstown Bald is lower than the atmospheric pressure at the Atlantic coast.