Civil Rights 1960’s Chapter 27

Terms “Separate-but-equal” – equal facilities needed to be provided De facto segregation – separated by custom National Association for the Advancement of Colored People – NAACP – a group focused on equality for all (originally –to overturn segregation)

Methods of ending Segregation Congress of Racial Equality – CORE – a group that used sit-ins to end discrimination Sit-in - Sending in CORE members to segregated places to force them to stop the segregation

Supreme Court Case Brown v. Board of Education – Court case that determined separate was NOT equal One year after Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that districts needed to proceed “with all deliberate speed” to end the segregation. This only encouraged resistance as there was no deadline.

Bus Boycotts Rosa Parks Non violent protest Church support Southern Christian Leadership Conference – attempted to end segregation & encourage African Americans to vote.

Civil Rights Act of 1957 First civil rights law since Reconstruction in the 1870’s Intended to protect African Americans right to vote which is guaranteed in the _____ amendment

Freedom Riders Groups of African Americans and whites who traveled through the south on the buses to draw attention to the fight to end segregation

Federal Policies Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity – to end discrimination and segregation in government jobs

Martin Luther King Jr. Began the fight with the bus boycotts and led the Montgomery Improvement Association Supported Birmingham, Alabama demonstrations against segregation to gain national attention Arrested “Letter From a Birmingham Jail”-his defense of non-violent protest

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Signed by President Johnson Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Voting Rights 24th Amendment eliminated poll taxes and fees to vote in federal elections Continued violence against African Americans and their supporters Bombings of churches and homes Selma, Alabama March

Voting Rights Act of 1965 Allowed attorney general to send federal examiners to register voters Eliminated literacy tests Over 250,000 African Americans were registered by the end of 1965