The Arab Regional Center @ AGU Alternative Strategies for the Sustainable Management of Municipal Water Sector in the State of Kuwait Hamed Abbas Future Studies Department, General Secretariat of the Supreme Council for Planning and Development, State of Kuwait Prof.Waleed K Zubari Water Resources Management Program, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Kingdom of Bahrain WASTA 9th Gulf Water Conference Sultanate of Oman, 22-25 March, 2010

Water Resources and use in Kuwait (90% = domestic) Al-Awar, 2005

نسبة الدعم الكلي للمياه المحلاة (بيانات وزارة التخطيط)

Weakening level of water management in the municipal sector Results: EIA (DPSIR) Diving Forces Dry weather Socio Economic growth Social life pattern (high GPD, subsidized policies) Reduction of water awareness Weakness of ability and institution Response Supply policies (expansion of desalination plants) Management and conservation policies (flat tariff rate, recovery costs indulgence, awareness campaigns Impacts Environmental Impacts (air, coastal and marine pollution, carry over wastewater) Economic effects (and the burden on the general budget) Social effects (water shortages, unsustainable water consumption) Political effects (increased tension between the government and parliament) Presser Increasing of consumption rate High rate of consumption per capita The limited capacity of desalination plants and desalination projects delayed The dominance of the government to desalination sector Decrease efficiency of production Increasing of water leakage State Weakening level of water management in the municipal sector

Alternative Strategies for the Management of Municipal Water Sector Analytical Hierarchy Process Efficiency & Sustainability of Urban Water Management Objective Criteria Economic & Financial Institutional & Legislative Technological Political Environmental Social Use of renewable energies in desalination Control of population growth Construction of desalination plants Reuse of treated wastewater Alternatives Awareness raising Water importation Leakage reduction Water-saving devices Water tariff

Cont., Results (AHP) Rank Alternative Score 1 Awareness raising 444 2 Criteria Weight Environmental 31% Economical & Financial 18% Institutional & Legislative 16% Technological 14% Political 11% Social 10% Rank Alternative Score 1 Awareness raising 444 2 Reuse of Treated wastewater 417 3 Water-saving devices 411 4 Leakage reduction 402 5 Renewable energies in desal. 395 6 Water Tariff 380 7 Construction of desal. plants 373 8 Control of population growth 341 9 Water importation 340

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Management Alternatives Population Dynamics Management Alternatives Wastewater Dynamics Desalination Production Dynamics Cost

Management Intervention model Modeling Results Water Demands: reduction of demand by 28% by the year 2020 (from 683 Mm3 to 490 Mm3) Baseline model Management Intervention model

Management Intervention model Cont., Modeling Results Water Cost: reduction of cumulative total cost by 8 billion US$ by 2020 Baseline model Management Intervention model

Management Intervention model Cont., Modeling Results Collected Wastewater Reduction in generated wastewater quantities by 20% by 2020 Delay in current carryover by about 15 years Management Intervention model Baseline model

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Environmental, economical, and financial considerations were given the highest weight in the decision-making process in the State of Kuwait The management alternatives of raising water awareness, use of domestic water-saving devices, reducing water leakage were the most appropriate interventions selected. Improvement of the developed management model is made to include the agricultural and industrial sectors and represent the geographic distribution in the state of Kuwait Evaluate the overall water resources management efficiency in Kuwait Determine the real consumption of water in the domestic sector for Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti citizens Economic analysis studies (cost/benefit analysis) for each suggested option be conducted to determine the feasibility for each suggested options Conducting price-demand elasticity studies in the domestic sector to aid in the analysis of the evaluation of the water tariff option

Downward Spiral Situation Increasing population Increasing consumption/per capita Increasing leakage rates Increasing subsidies Supply augmentation policies Increasing water production and transmission costs Increasing wastewater carryover volumes