What is a macromolecule? What is the chemical formula for glucose? Bell Ringer What is a covalent bond? Why is carbon unique? What is a macromolecule? What is the chemical formula for glucose?
Carbon Compounds Ms. Cole
4 groups of carbon compounds Fill out table along the way Lesson Overview 4 groups of carbon compounds Fill out table along the way Exit Ticket – Table Work on review for test.
Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living things Group Name Subunits Functions Examples Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins
What are carbohydrates? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions? Ever heard of “carbo-loading” or “I’m watching my carbs?”
Carbohydrates Consists of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen (in a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O). Main source of energy for living things! Glucose – supplies energy to all cells Cellulose – gives plants strength (plant cell wall!) Starch – how plants store sugar Glycogen – energy for muscle movement
Carbohydrates – “Sugars & Starches” Monosaccharide- a simple sugar like glucose (blood sugar) or fructose. Disaccharide- two sugar subunits linked together. A polymer of glucose & fructose make sucrose (table sugar). Polysaccharide- the largest polymer made of many glucose subunits. Examples to know: starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
What happens when we mix oil and water? What are Lipids? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions? What happens when we mix oil and water?
Subunits: Glycerol & Fatty Acids Lipids Not soluble in water… “oil & water don’t mix” Waterproof coverings Subunits: Glycerol & Fatty Acids Fats and Oils – used for long-term E storage Phospholipids – make up the cell membrane Steroids – chemical messengers (hormones)
Lipids Saturated – SOLIDS - only C-C (butter) Unsaturated – LIQUIDS - at least one C=C Polyunsaturated – (canola oil) http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20100/Bio%20100%20Lectures/biochemistry/biochemi.htm
What are Nucleic acids? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions?
Contains subunits called “nucleotides” Nucleic acids Contains subunits called “nucleotides” Three parts: sugar, phosphate, nitrogen- containing base (DNA has A, T, G, C) Transmit and store genetic information RNA DNA http://cosbiology.pbworks.com/w/page/11556243/Lesson%203-08%20Nucleic%20Acids
What are Proteins? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions?
Most important fxn - Regulate cell processes Proteins Subunits - Amino acids Most important fxn - Regulate cell processes Have levels of organization to allow for 3D shape. Ex: Enzymes Amylase - Breaks down starch into sugars. http://maptest.rutgers.edu/drupal/?q=node/12
Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living things Group Name Subunits Functions Examples Carbohydrates Monosaccharide (simple sugar) Energy Storage glucose, starch cellulose Lipids glycerol & fatty acids Biological membranes Fats, oils, phospholipids Nucleic Acids nucleotides Transmit & Store Genetic Information DNA, RNA Proteins Amino acids Regulate cell processes Enzymes