IT253: Computer Organization Tonga Institute of Higher Education IT253: Computer Organization Lecture 1: Introduction

General Information IT 253: 4 Hours of lecture a week Course Web Page http://www.tihe.org/courses/it253 All information will be given out in class and eventually posted on the course web page, including lecture notes, assignments, homework and grades. You should visit the webpage frequently and check for updates, especially if you have missed classes.

Grading Grading Policy Midterm 20% Final 50% Homework Assignments 25% Class Participation/Attendance 5% Late assignment policy - each day late you will lose 5 percent - when answers are on the website you can no longer hand in your work

Cheating Policy Cheating and academic dishonesty is not accepted or tolerated Any student found cheating on a testing material will automatically receive a zero for that assignment Students are encouraged to study together, but to submit separate work for homework There is no collaboration for tests Students are expected to work together when assigned to work together and all group members should contribute equally to an assignment

How to do well in this course Come to class and stay awake! Course material is not simple, but can be mastered Take notes for important things Visit course webpage often. Review lecture notes for class and from other universities on the web Ask questions

Course Overview Topics to be covered Introduction to Computer Architecture Data representation Memory and Bit Operations/Logic Instruction Set Architecture Assembly Language (MIPS) Computer Arithmetic Processor Memory (physical and virtual) Buses and interrupts I/O devices Special Topics (if there is time): Pipelining, multiprocessor

Why learn Computer Organization? As students of information and computer technology, it is vital to know the “inner” workings of the computer hardware and software in order to better understand effective programming principles, computer troubleshooting, debugging, operating systems, etc.

Why learn Computer Organization? You want to be a computer programmer/information technologist You have to learn programming as a start You also have to understand the machine Hardware: Processor, memory, disk, etc. Software: Operating system, Programming Languages/Compilers All types of computer workers should understand what is happening “beneath the hood” of the computer. You want to make purchasing decisions as an “expert” Learn the language behind computers

What we will learn The basic operation of a computer Primitive operations (instructions) Arithmetic Instruction Sequencing and Processing Memory Input/Output Understand the relationship between HW/SW Interface design High level programming to control signals Software performance relies on understanding underlying hardware

Brief history of computers 1822 Charles Babbage – “inventor” of computer Made the difference engine and analytical engine Would do mathematical equations based on a “stored program” 1936: Alan Turing – The Turing machine, computability, universal machine 1946 – Eckert and Mauchly ENIAC – first electronic computer (with vacuum tubes) 1947 John von Neumann First to describe modern day computer, with central processor, memory, output, input

The Big Picture

Example Computer Setup

System Organization

What is Computer Organization

Forces affecting Computer Org.

Trends in Computers

Microprocessor Technology

Levels of Computer Representation

Instruction set interface

Summary Administrative matters Why Computer Organization is important Big picture of computers Every computer has 5 key components (control, datapath, input, output, memory) Computer hardware trends Computer representation NEXT TIME: Data representation