1. COP 5611: Operating Systems
Instructor: Xiuwen Liu
Department of Computer Science
Florida State University

2. Outline Class organization Review of Classical Operating Systems
Syllabus
Review of Classical Operating Systems
That is, operating systems designed on a particular computer
A survey
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3. Class organization Class syllabus Class web page Comments Grading
Academic honor code
Programs you submitted must be your own
While discussions of class materials and assignments are allowed, discussion and copying of solutions is strictly prohibited.
Feedbacks
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4. Textbooks You are required to read the chapters in the textbook
You can skip sections only when specified
You may be tested on the materials in the textbook but not fully covered in the class
I will specify those sections clearly for self studying
The majority on quizzes and exams will be covered in the class
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5. Programming Environment
Two programming assignments must be done on either linprog or program
linprog consists of four linux machines
program consists of four Sun workstations
Doing the assignments on other machines is not allowed
You may loose some of your privilege
Your account may be even revoked
Your program will be tested on program; any submitted executable programs must be compiled and run correctly on program
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6. Expectations Expectations now Expectations after finishing this course
You are expected to have known the technical issues, design principles, and common solutions in classical operating systems
Expectations after finishing this course
You are expected to understand the technical issues and solutions in distributed operating systems
General expectations
Working hard attitude and enthusiasm toward learning new and difficult topics
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7. Overview of the Course
This course focuses on distributed operating systems
Technical issues and solutions
Chapters 5-8
I think these are the technically most difficult part
We will cover those algorithms in depth
Concepts and main issues
Distributed resource management, security and protection, and fault tolerance and recovery
Practical paradigms
Main differences between this class and undergraduate operating system class
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8. Operating System
An operating system is a layer of software on a bare machine that performs two basic functions
Resource management
To manage resources so that they are used in an efficient and fair manner
User friendliness
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9. Hardware Advances
Advances in OS are mainly driven by the advances in hardware
Early stage
From 1945 modern computers were invented
Until about 1985, computers were large and expensive
They were operated mainly independently and used for scientific computation by experts
Modern stage
Powerful microprocessors
Advanced network technology
The amount of improvement over the half century is truly staggering and totally unprecedented
A price/performance gain about 1012
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10. A Comparison for Fun
Suppose that cars had improved at the same rate during the same time period, how much would this car cost today?
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11. A Brief History
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12. Genesis of Modern OS
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13. von Neumann Architecture
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14. S1 bus Dest bus S2 bus Control unit ALU A R0, r1,... (registers) C B
ia(PC)
psw...
MAR IR
MDR
MAR memory address register
MDR memory data register
IR instruction register
Memory

15. Major Components of an OS
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16. Design Approaches
A good operating system design must separate policies from mechanisms
Policies refer to what should be done
Mechanisms refer to how it should be done
The separation contributes greatly to flexibility
Policies make use of underlying mechanisms and are likely to change
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17. The Layered Approach
In this approach the OS is divided into several layers
The functions are vertically apportioned into these layers
Each layer has well-defined functionality and input-output interfaces with the two adjacent layers
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18. Structure of THE Operating Systems
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19. Depiction of Windows XP Architecture
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20. The Kernel Approach
In this approach, a kernel is a collection of primitive facilities over which the rest of operating system is built, using the functions provided by the kernel
This approach provides considerable flexibility because the policy and optimization decisions are not made at the kernel level
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21. Components of a Linux System
This is often called monolithic kernel
The kernel is a big monolithic kernel consisting of
all the services provided by the operating systems
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22. A Typical Microkernel OS
1.11
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23. The Virtual Machine Approach
In this approach, a virtual machine software on the bare hardware gives the illusion that all machine hardware is at the sole disposal of each user
A user can run a single-user OS on this virtual machine
A user can also run other operating systems
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24. Why Advanced Operating Systems
Most efforts before 1980 were focused on so-called classical operating systems
Stand-alone computers with a single processor
With the availability of cheap powerful microprocessors and significant advances in communication technology, a few powerful computers can provide an enormous computing power with lower cost
This raises many technical issues that were not presented in classical operating systems
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25. Survey This survey consists of a few questions
The purpose is to give me a better knowledge of your background so that I may do a better job
It will not be used for any grading
Next time we will talk about Chapter 4 regarding distributed operating systems
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