Dawn of the Industrial Age A Changing World Unit 5 Section 1 TYWL: Analyze the effects of industrialism & urbanization on social and economic reform and how economic crisis contributed to the growth of various political & economic movements. I can: understand how industrialization and urbanization both benefited and hindered economies, the environment, societies, politics, and people.

Question of the Day One similarity between the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights is that both documents set up a two-party political syste established the right to inherit the throne placed limits on the power of the monarch guaranteed equal rights for all citizens

A Turning Point in History shifted from simple hand tools to complex machines. Travelers moved rapidly Villages grew into towns & cities. bought goods in stores new inventions: anesthetic, or a drug to prevent pain during surgery. The Industrial Revolution was a long, slow, uneven process in which production b/w countries & continents. People & lived in crowded apartment buildings. B/w 1830-1855 & scientific firsts poured out. Ex. an American dentist first used Sewing machine, speed of light measured, antiseptic methods introduced.

Dutch farmers led the way: The Second Agricultural Revolution Dutch farmers led the way: built dikes combined smaller fields fertilizer from livestock Crop rotation. In the 1700s, British farmers expanded on Dutch experiments. They: (earthen walls) to reclaim land from the sea. Lord Charles Townshend urged farmers to grow turnips, which restored exhausted soil. Jethro Tull invented the seed drill.

The Population Explosion The process of taking over & fencing off land formerly shared by peasant farmers. farm output rose & so did profit. small farmers were forced off of their land. people moved to towns & cities in search of work. The Population Explosion The agricultural revolution contributed to a rapid growth of population that continues today. The population boom of the 1700s The agricultural revolution reduced the risk of famine. Because they ate better, women were healthier & had stronger babies. due more to declining death rates than to rising birthrates. In the 1800s, better hygiene & sanitation, along w/ improved medical care, further limited deaths from disease.

New Technology IMPROVED IRON New sources of energy During the 1700s, people began to harness new sources of energy. Thomas Newcomen: steam engine powered by coal. James Watt improved on the steam engine. IMPROVED IRON a material needed for construction of machines & steam engines. of England developed methods to produce better quality, less expensive iron. Coal was used to produce iron (most impt. Job) Darby family (Smelting the process of separating iron from its ore.)

Britain Leads the Way Essential Standards: Analyze the effects of industrialism & urbanization on social and economic reform and how economic crisis contributed to the growth of various political & economic movements. I can: understand how industrialization and urbanization both benefited and hindered economies, the environment, societies, politics, and people.

Why Was Britain the Starting Point for the Industrial Revolution? Large supplies of coal & iron & Plenty of skilled mechanics. Prosperous economy business class had capital to invest, & consumer goods were affordable to all. Stable gov’t Entrepreneurs encouraged thrift & hard work. cotton cloth from India popular. British merchants tried to organize a: 1. In which cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread 2. wove the thread into cloth. 3. Later dyed by artisans in town. British Cotton Trade About 1850 cotton cloth industry at home: putting out system.

Changes in the Textile Industry Flying shuttle allowed weaves to work much faster. SPinning jenny spun many threads at the same time. Waterframe used water power to speed up spinning still further.

The putting out system was replaced by the 1st factories, places that brought together workers & machines to produce large quantities of goods. Usually located near streams, for water power, later replaced w/steam.

Revolution in Transportation Turnpikes, or toll roads, canals, stronger bridges, & upgraded harbors all helped to improve transportation. Steam locomotive: growth of railroads. 1st major line was from Liverpool to Manchester, opened in 1830. Robert Fulton used the steam engine to power the 1st steamboat the Clermont.