نمذجة واجهات الاستخدام

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Presentation transcript:

نمذجة واجهات الاستخدام المحاضرة العاشرة د. محمد أحمد

تصميم واجهات الاستخدام البيانية GUI إن تصميم واجهات الاستخدام البيانية نشاط متعدد الاختصاصات, فهو يتطلب مهارات متعددة من فريق كامل. تبدأ إجرائية تصميم واجهات الاستخدام البيانية لتطبيقات نظم المعلومات مع حالات الاستخدام. يجب إعداد نماذج أولية رسومية حيث لايمكن وصف الواجهات بطريقة سردية. غالباً المصمم هو المسؤول عن تصميم هذه الواجهات وقد يتطلب استشارة خبير تكنولوجي لاستثمار مزايا التقانات الموجودة. يجب إعداد نماذج أولية لواجهات الاستخدام و تدقيقها مع فنانين وأخصائيين بعلم النفس والسلوك أذا تطلب ذلك بحيث يكون الهدف الحصول على واجهات جذابة و قابلة للاستخدام.

Good UI design and usability Usability and good UI design are closely related. A bad UI can have unfortunate results...

توجيهات عامة لتصميم الواجهات السيطرة للمستخدم مبدأ الانسجام التشخيص والتخصيص التسامح التغذية الراجعة النواحي الجمالية وقابلية الاستخدام

أهمية الحصول على أراء مختلفة Facilitator User “Computer” Observer(s)

UI design, components When should we use: A button? A check box? A radio button? A text field? A list? A combo box? A menu? A dialog box? Other..?

Apple Mac user interfaces

UI Hall of Shame

Layout and color

Bad error messages

UI design - buttons, menus Use buttons for single independent actions that are relevant to the current screen. Try to use button text with verb phrases such as "Save" or "Cancel", not generic: "OK", "Yes", "No" use Mnemonics or Accelerators (Ctrl-S) Use toolbars for common actions. Use menus for infrequent actions that may be applicable to many or all screens. Users hate menus! Try not to rely too much on menus. Provide another way to access the same functionality (toolbar, hotkey, etc)

Checkboxes, radio buttons Use check boxes for on/off switches, when any one switch can be toggled irrespective of the others (often correspond to boolean values). Use radio buttons for related choices, when only one choice can be activated at a time (often corresponds to enum / constant values).

Lists, combo boxes use text fields (usually with a label) when the user may type in anything they want use lists when there are many fixed choices (too many for radio buttons to be practical) and you want all choices visible on screen at once use combo boxes when there are many fixed choices, but you don't want to take up screen real estate by showing them all at once use a slider or spinner for a numeric value

An example UI What can we say about this UI dialog? Did the designer choose the right components? Let's assume there are 20 collections and 3 ways to search (by title, author, relevancy) LI BS Y S: Search Choose collection: Word or phrase: Search by: Adjacent words OK Default Cancel All T itle es No Some of the combo boxes might be better as lists. The Adjacent Words should be a checkbox. The button labels (especially "Default", which could be "Reset to Default") are poor.

UI design - multiple screens use a tabbed pane when there are many screens that the user may want to switch between at any moment use dialog boxes or option panes to present temporary screens or options

Creating a paper prototype gather materials paper, pencils/pens tape, scissors highlighters, transparencies identify the screens in your UI consider use cases, inputs and outputs to user think about how to get from one screen to next this will help choose between tabs, dialogs, etc.

Application backgrounds draw the app background (the parts that matter for the prototyping) on its own, then lay the various subscreens on top of it

Representing a changing UI layers of UI can be placed on top of background as user clicks various options

Representing interactive widgets buttons / check boxes: tape tabs, dialog boxes: index cards text fields: removable tape combo boxes: put the choices on a separate piece of paper that pops up when they click selections: a highlighted piece of tape or transparency disabled widgets: make a gray version that can sit on top of the normal enabled version computer beeps: say "beep" (hah!)

Example paper prot. screen

Example full paper prototype

نوافذ الواجهة يتألف أي تطبيق يعمل تحت نظام النوافذ على نوعين من الواجهات: النافذة الأولية النوافذ الثانوية

النافذة الأولية للنافذة الأولية أطار يضم: شريط عنوان النافذة شريط القوائم أشرطة الأدوات شريط الحالة محتويات النافذة القابلة للمعاينة والتعديل أشرطة التدرج الأفقية والشاقولية في تطبيقات الويب تعتبر صفحة الوب نافذة أولية ونقطة إدخال للتطبيق.

النوافذ الثانوية للنوافذ الثانوية صيغ وأشكال مختلفة فقد يكون: علبة حوار مجلد بعلامات جدولة قائمة منسدلة علبة رسالة

الترابط بين النوافذ يجب على مصمم واجهات الاستخدام البيانية مهمة تنظيم الارتباطات بين النوافذ في بيئة منسجمة وسهلة الفهم. يجب الا يشعر المستخدم أنه تائه بين مجموعة نوافذ مفتوحة أمامه.