PHOTOGRAPHY 101 Semester One Review (Aperture, Shutter Speed, ISO) COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of commercial photography in relation to seeing photographically, operating cameras, use of light, image capture, and processing digital images. Students will also learn the history of photography, legal and ethical issues related to the industry. Career exploration is also a part of this course. CVH - MS. COPELAND

Performance Standard 4.1: Demonstrate Proper Exposure Settings CONTENT STANDARD 4.0 DEMONSTRATE PROPER EXPOSURE SETTINGS TO ACHIEVE DESIRED EFFECTS Performance Standard 4.1: Demonstrate Proper Exposure Settings Exposure is simply the process of letting light through the camera’s lens to illuminate (expose) the digital sensor and produce an image. Getting the optimal exposure for your photograph relies on balancing three distinct elements: Aperture – a variable opening (hole) in the lens through which light enters the camera Aperture is measured in focal length (F-Stop) – the smaller the number the larger the hole. Focal Length - The distance between the lens and the sensor when the subject is in focus is measured in millimeters. Shutter Speed – the length of time the digital sensor is exposed to light Shutter Speed is measured in seconds. ISO - the sensitivity of the light sensor The lower the number the less sensitive the camera is to light and the finer the grain (pixels). Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds. By balancing these, you determine three things: how much light passes through the lens (aperture); the length of time that light passes through the lens (shutter speed); and how sensitive to light the sensor is (ISO).

APERTURE & DEPTH OF FIELD Aperture effects Depth of Field (DoF) - the amount of the scene that will appear sharp in your image. The greater the depth of field, the more elements will appear to be in focus. F-STOP, SHUTTER SPEED, ISO

SHUTTER SPEED Shutter speed is measured in seconds and can have a profound effect on the resulting image—action may be captured in very sharp detail, blurred to convey a sense of motion, or even reduced to an abstract smear of colors.

SHUTTER PRIORITY The table below gives a very rough guide to some of the dramatic effects you can create using Shutter Priority.

ISO (International Standards Organization - a European organization that provides the standards for a wide variety of subjects.) The ISO amplifies the signal that the sensor receives, effectively making it more sensitive to light. Low ISO settings indicate low sensitivity, while high ISO settings equate to high sensitivity. As the sensitivity increases, so too does the “noise” in the image. This interference is seen in an image as either colored speckles (known as chroma noise) or an underlying granular texture (known as luminosity noise) causing the photo to appear grainy.

ASSIGNMENT: ISO Settings For this assignment you will initially be shooting in class: Set lens to AF (Auto Focus) Select an average shutter speed (1/60 ) and small f-stop (f4 or less) to assure focus. Start with lowest ISO on your camera. Shoot one shot at each ISO setting: Nikon 3300 (9) – 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400, 12800 and Hi1. Nikon 3000 (6) – 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and Hi1. Canon T3i (7) - 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200 and 6,400. When finished, repeat the same exercise outside. Each shot should have the same natural lighting. For example, do not shot a picture with one ISO setting in the sun and another with a different setting in the shade.

ANALYSIS: ISO SETTINGS ASSIGNMENT Presentation: Include one (1) or more examples of your shots using low (100 - 200), mid-range(400 – 1600) and high (3200+) ISO settings. You should have a total of six (6) examples in your presentation: three (3) shots inside and three (3) shots outside. Which model camera where you using? Nikon 3300, Nikon 3000, Canon Rebel T3i Using an average shutter speed and a small f-stop, what general differences did you observe using the different ISO settings? For example: Higher ISO settings created…. Mid-range ISO settings make the picture look…. Lower ISO settings yielded …. Discuss each general setting used, indoor and outdoor results. For the Nikon 3300 you should have eighteen (18) total shots. For the Nikon 3000 you should have twelve (12) total shots. For the Canon T3i you should have fourteen (14) total shots.

REVIEW ISO SETTINGS ASSIGNMENT ISO – Your camera’s ISO setting determines it’s sensitivity to light. The lower the number the less sensitive the camera is to light and the finer the grain (pixels). Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds.