1. Shutter Speed Aperture ISO/ASA
Exposure
Shutter Speed Aperture ISO/ASA

2. CAMERA OBSCURA

3. EVOLUTION OF THE CAMERA…
Camera Obscura
Large Format Camera

5. Understanding exposure
EXPOSRURE is one of the most critical elements of photography. There are three adjustable elements that control the exposure: ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed.

6. (4) ISO The measure of a camera sensor’s sensitivity to light (5) Shutter Speed The amount of time that the shutter is open (11) Aperture The size of the opening in the lens when a picture is taken

8. Longer shutter speeds = more light
Controls the speed at which the shutter opens and closes
The shutter blocks all light from exposing the film UNTIL you press the button. Then it quickly opens and closes, giving the film a brief flash of light.
You can control the length of time the shutter remains open by setting the SHUTTER SPEED.
It determines how long the shutter stays open.
The longer exposures ( like 1 second ) give much more light to the film than a 1/1000 of a second exposure. So even though the number may look bigger, don't be deceived! (Think fractions….1/2 of a pie is larger than 1/8 of a pie).
Longer shutter speeds = more light
Shorter shutter speeds = less light

9. What shutter speed to use
A standard shutter speed is 1/125 or 1/250 of a second – these speeds are appropriate for a normally lit outdoor shoot.
Bright, sunny day/ excessive light – use a faster speed such as 1/500
Overcast or late afternoon – a slower speed should be used, such as 1/60
A shutter speed slower than 1/60 of a second should only be used with a tripod

10. LIST of shutter speeds

11. LIST of shutter speeds

13. APERTURE
Before light reaches film, it must pass through an opening called an "Aperture".
Like the pupil in a human eye, the aperture on a camera controls light. It does so by closing up to restrict light, and opening to let light in.
Smaller F-stop number = larger aperture opening
Larger aperture openings = more light exposing film

14. APERTURE
The f stop number indicates a fraction of the aperture opening in relation to the focal length of the lens
Each f stop allows half as much light as the f stop before it
The larger the f stop number, the smaller the hole in the lens
(example f/5.6 is LARGER than f/22)

15. What aperture to use DEPTH OF FIELD
A standard aperture is around f.8 or f.11
DEPTH OF FIELD
The easiest way to understand how to control the zone of focus in a photograph is to remember the following:
Large f/stop number (for example, f/22) = large DOF
Small f/stop number (for example, f/4) = small DOF

17. LIST of F.STOPS

18. ISO (International organiSation for standardiSation )
Is the sensitivity of the film or imaging sensor to light
The ISO is often referred to as ‘light speed’
The faster the film speed, the higher the sensitivity of the film to light
The higher the number, the higher the degree to sensitivity
High ISO = Poor lighting conditions (for example indoors without a flash)