Woodworking Hardware Ag Mech I Standard 6:4-5

Identifying Hardware We will look at various sizes fasteners and hardware used in ag construction Discuss what application they work best in and select the best ones for the job

Nails Nails are fasteners that are driven into the material it holds There are many kinds of nails and are usually classified by their use and form When selecting a nail the diameter and length are the two most common factors to consider The unit of measure designated for a nail is called a penny it is represented by the letter d The term penny was originally used to indicated the number of English pennies needed to purchase 100 nails of a given size

Penny nail size chart

Different kinds of nails Common Nail- used for general construction, fences, etc

Cut Nail Used for nailing tongue and groove flooring, if hardened used in masonry

Box nail Used for light household construction, siding

Finishing nail Used for interior finishing of buildings, trim, cabinets, furniture and where countersinking is needed

Shingle nail Used for nailing wood and shingles

Roofing Nail Used for nailing rolled roofing and composition shingles

Plasterboard Nail Used to attach plasterboard to studs in buildings

Hinge Nail Used to fasten hinges on doors and cabinets

Duplex nail Used for construction of forms for concrete work and nailing insulators on wooded post

Wire staple Used in wire fence construction

Lead-head nail Used for nailing galvanized steel roofing and siding

screws Use threads to wrap around the material it is in Classified according to the material they hold Wood- wood Sheet metal-thin metal Cap screws-thread into thick metal that has threads cut into it Lag Screws (bolts)-structural timbers or wall anchors Brass screws (prevent rust)

Wood screw

Sheet metal screws

Cap Screws

Lag Bolts

Brass Screws

Heads of screws There are 7 different heads for screws

Flat head screw

Round head screw

Oval head

Pan head

Phillips head

Square Head Lag

Torx Head

Bolts Bolts come in may shapes sizes and functions Bolts come in American sizes (fractions) 1/16, 1/8, ¼ etc. or metric sizes (millimeter) 6mm, 7mm and so on American sizes also have 2 different thread types Coarse (UNC) or Fine (UNF) Metric has 3 different thread coarse, medium and fine.

Machine bolts Machine bolts- bolt with a square or hex head with threads on the last 1” or more of the shank

Cap Screw Looks like a machine bolt with the following exceptions Usually threaded the entire length, generally 2” or shorter in length, may have a special head requiring an allen wrench

Carriage Bolt Has a round head over square shoulders and is used with wood The shoulders are drawn onto the wood to prevent the bolt from turning

Stove Bolt Rounded head bolt with a straight screwdriver slot Threaded the entire length normally come with a square nut

Plow Bolt Square tapered head When placed in a hole designed for a plow bolt the head is flush with the surface Used on tillage equipment

J Bolt Designed to hook and anchor Truck toolboxes use these as an example

Eye bolt Used for tie downs so devices can use clips to quick connect and disconnect

turnbuckle Used to tighten or loosen cables used as supports

Nuts Device with a threaded hole and are the moveable part

Square nut

Wing nut Used for easy on and off applications. Marine batteries use these so when your done you can disconnect the battery

Castle Nut Used on axles Tighten nut down the slide cotter pin through hole in axel to prevent nut from backing off

Jam nut Thinner nut put on top of other nut to prevent from loosening

Locking nut (nylon) Nut with nylon ring inside to prevent nut from loosing

Locking nut (steel) Teel locking nut is oval in shape to prevent nut from loosening