Exploring the Americas & The Growth of Trade Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Essential Questions: Why do people trade? What are consequences when cultures interact?

Learning Goal Students will be able to compare and contrast information about European explorers and explorations. Students will be able to analyze and evaluate relationships between European explorers and Native Americans. LA.8.1.6.1, LA.8.1.6.2, LA.8.1.6.3, LA.8.6.2.2, SS.8.A.1.7, SS.8.A.2.1, SS.8.E.3.1

Early Exploration Queen Isabella No America Portugal led the way in Exploring the known world (routes to China, India, Africa, etc) Queen Isabella

Henry the Navigator From Portugal 1420 Started a center for exploration and brought Astronomers, geographers, And mathematicians to Portugal to share their knowledge

Bartholomeu Dias Sailed in 1487 Sent by the Portuguese King to explore southern Africa First person to sail around the southern tip of Africa Cape of Good Hope

Vasco de Gama 1497 he set out from Portugal Sailed down and around Africa and became the first person to reach India

Vikings 800s and 900s Scandinavian peninsula Reached Greenland, Iceland and Canada and established settlements.

Amerigo Vespucci Italian explorer and merchant 1499 Mapped the coastline of the Americas New World named after him Great story teller….beautiful women on the beach…big (amazon) woman clubbed one shipmate and ate him…. Very fond of himself Bc of these stories a German Mapmaker printed AMERICA on a map in 1507

Vasco Nuñez de Balboa Heard of “great waters” beyond the mountains of Panama Led an expedition westward Discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513 Claimed ocean and lands along it for Spain Crossed isthmus of Panama…Another governor was jealous of him and had him tried for treason and he was beheaded in 1519.

Ferdinand Magellan Spain wanted a route through/around South America to Asia 1519 Magellan set sail Sailed west, rounded South America Started with 5 ships Magellan was killed 1 ship with 200 men finished the journey 3 years after they started

Christopher Columbus Born Italian, moved to Portugal, sailed for Spain Why support Columbus?

Christopher Columbus Set sail in 1492 Reached modern day Bahamas Unknowingly had crossed the Atlantic and reached North America, not Asia Made several more explorations, claiming more land for Spain

The Voyages of Columbus 1493, 1498, 1502 Sailed to Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, and Jamaica Claimed new lands for Spain in Central and South America Mapped the coastline of Central America Taino and Columbus History of the Holiday The Real Truth The Ugly Truth

Technology Helped the voyages of Columbus and other explorers become possible New ships! Faster Carrack- large and sturdy (Santa Maria) Caravels- small and easy to handle (Pinta, Niña)

Technology Captains first sailed by stars guiding them Very detailed maps were developed by the time Columbus sailed that made sailing easier. Compass- shows which direction is north Astrolabe & Quadrant- measure positions of the sun and stars Sailors could determine distances north and south from any given point

Technology Better maps and the astrolabe Compass Better ships Effects of the technology?

The Columbian Exchange European Exploration brought together two parts of the globe that had had little contact with one another: Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas Africa & the Americas are in different hemispheres What was exchanged during these encounters? People Plants Animals Germs Known as the Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange Effects of the CE? Positive The Spanish brought the horse to the Americas The horse changed life for Native Americans on the Great Plains Negative New diseases were brought over by the Europeans who also contracted new diseases from the areas they discovered Small pox killed many Native Americans when the European arrived in the Americas

Summary As technology developed so did the ability of explorers, which led to new routes and new land discoveries. Columbus is praised for being the first to reach the Americas, but the Vikings sailed to northern North America hundreds of years earlier. Portuguese Explorers paved the way for later exploration. Columbus, although his reputation is questionable, made a discovery that changed the history of the world.