1. What is the common theme? In the case of Britain, France and Germany, these are all European countries that used to compete for imperial colonies and still compete for power in Europe. There are only so many colonies or European jobs/money to go round. There is only one premier league cup but there are many different football clubs playing to win this cup. At a pub quiz there are various groups of people playing in order to win a £50 prize. 2. Why can these situations lead to prejudice and discrimination 3. Define: ‘limited resource’

Realistic Conflict Theory – Sherif (1966) Limited resource:  Groups may be in competition for a real or perceived scarcity of resources such as money, political power, military protection, or social status. Recap – What is this theory about? How is it different to the Social Identity Theory?

Realistic conflict theory Another group One group Both groups are competing for a limited resource Hostility occurs Negative Stereotyping Prejudice Discrimination Increased animosity

How does this support the theory? Filindra and Pearson-Merkowitz (2013) - examination of data in New England To see if, when dominant white majority perceive threat, there is more prejudice and discrimination Perceived increase in the presence of immigrants in the community did correlate with an immigration policy with more restrictions Only in times of economic hardship Perceived competition of resources How does this support the theory? Water, food, jobs, terrirtory, social resources,

Sherif – Robber’s cave study How does this study support the realistic conflict theory? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PRuxMprSDQ Who took part in the study? Where did it take place? What tasks were they asked to take part in? What did the researchers notice? How was conflict resolved? What is the most important conclusions from this study? And why?

Resolving conflict due to limited resources One group in society who is competing with another group Another group who is competing with the other group Superordinate goals Cooperation Shared resources Shared goals Conflict decreases when cooperation results in more shared resources Leads to reduced prejudice and therefore reduced discrimination

Resolving conflict/reducing prejudice - Superordinate goals If conflict comes from a conflict over limited resources, it follows that conflict decreases when cooperation results in more shared resources. Example? There are real world projects to do the same thing. The European Union was formed to make a future war in Europe less likely by getting European countries to work towards superordinate goals through trade and moving labour forces.

Evaluation SODAR Supporting: 1. Sherif 2. Filindra and Pearson-Merkowitz (2013) Opposing: Tajfel Different: SIT and authoritarian personality Application: how can we use superordinate goals to reduce prejudice and discrimination in society? Reductionism? Ideas?

Evaluation Opposing research Tajfel & Turner’s Social Identity Theory (1979)  SIT - prejudice has nothing to do with competition over resources. Different theory SIT Adorno (1950) Those with an “Authoritarian Personality” are likely to discriminate against outgroups that have less status. It has been found that they are likely to be more hostile to people they believe are of a lower social class than them. This is a theory that suggests groups do not need competition in order for prejudices to form.

RCT Evaluation - in detail! Point Evidence/explanation Strength of weakness? Supporting research Opposing research Different theory Application (usefulness) Reductionism

Compare the realistic conflict theory with the social identity theory SIT evidence Term (e.g. where as, however, similarity, likewise) RCT evidence

Revision - Next Lesson: class test Test is on : Prejudice and discrimination Social identify theory (including studies and evaluation Realistic conflict theory (including studies and evaluation)