Poetry Day 23 AP Literature: Freire Charter School Ms. Stacey Wednesday April 22, 2015 By PresenterMedia.com

4.22.15 Class Agenda & Updates What is due today? Ch 14 Chart What are our objectives today? Ch 14: Pattern in Poetry Notes + Examples Who has something to make up? Najay, Zahkeyah Who’s working in the WC today? Kevin, Semijah

The imposition of an “external” pattern or shape Ch 14: Pattern in Poetry Poetry can be evaluated by its: Unity Coherence Proper placing of emphasis Form The STRUCTURE: the “internal” ordering of the poem’s “materials” (ideas, images, thoughts) The imposition of an “external” pattern or shape

Ch 14: Pattern in Poetry There are three (3) kinds of poetic form: Continuous Stanzaic Fixed

The Widow’s Lament in Springtime BY WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS Sorrow is my own yard where the new grass flames as it has flamed often before, but not with the cold fire that closes round me this year. Thirty-five years I lived with my husband. The plum tree is white today with masses of flowers. Masses of flowers load the cherry branches and color some bushes yellow and some red, but the grief in my heart is stronger than they, for though they were my joy formerly, today I notice them and turn away forgetting. Today my son told me that in the meadows, at the edge of the heavy woods in the distance, he saw trees of white flowers. I feel that I would like to go there and fall into those flowers and sink into the marsh near them. Form 1: Continuous What are the “external” or “shape” characteristics of this poem? Lines follow each other without formal grouping Breaks are dictated by the poem's meaning—paragraphs are in prose.

The Aim was Song BY ROBERT FROST Before man to blow to right The wind once blew itself untaught, And did its loudest day and night In any rough place where it caught.  Man came to tell it what was wrong: It hadn't found the place to blow; It blew too hard - the aim was song. And listen - how it ought to go!  He took a little in his mouth, And held it long enough for north To be converted into south, And then by measure blew it forth.  By measure. It was word and note, The wind the wind had meant to be - A little through the lips and throat. The aim was song - the wind could see.  Form 2: Stanzaic A B C D E F E F G H What are the “external” or “shape” characteristics of this poem? Poem is made up of distinct groupings of lines called stanzas Stanzas (usually!) have same # of lines. Same metrical pattern, and same rhyme scheme

STANZAIC PATTERNS Terza Rima: interlocking iambic tercets (aba, bcb, cdc) Ballad Meter: alternating lines of iambic tetrameter + iambic trimeter Rime Royale: seven-line iambic pentameter stanza rhyming ababbcc. Spenserian Stanza: nine-line stanzas: eight in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter.

Form 3: FIXED Villanelles Sestinas Sonnets Pattern applies to the WHOLE POEM. The primary traditional types of fixed form poetry include: Villanelles Sestinas Sonnets

SONNETS Italian (Petrarchan) = 14 lines first 8 lines (octave) second 6 lines (sestet) Rhyme scheme = abba abba; cdc cdc (or cde cde) Shift from octave to sestet = shift in idea

SONNETS English (Shakespearean) = 14 lines 3 “quatrains” (4-lines) Followed by a rhyming “couplet” (2 lines) Rhyme scheme = abab cdcd efef gg Shift from quatrains to couple = shift in idea

VILLANELLE Has a complex pattern repetition and rhyme: 19-lines divided into 3-line stanzas (tercets) and a final 4-line quatrain Uses only 2 rhyme sounds First and third lines repeat throughout the poem in fixed intervals

HOMEWORK Review Perrine Ch 10- 14. Know ALL terms! Continue work on OEQ Presentation (in-class Fri 4/24; must be emailed to me by 8am Friday!)