1. FORM, SOUND + RHYTHM + other clues to understanding poetry
TYPES OF POETRY
FORM, SOUND + RHYTHM + other clues to understanding poetry

2. FORM: Narrative Tells a story May take the form of a ballad
Generally organized in stanzas –regular rhythm, regular rhyme
Robert Frost "Birches"

3. Lyric Conveys strong emotions + impressions
Not necessarily set to music
"If" Rudyard Kipling

4. Blank verse Regular metrical pattern
Does not have regular rhyme scheme
Used frequently by Shakespeare
Blank verse

5. Free-verse Very few restrictions No set rhyme, rhythm or line length

6. Sonnet 14 lines of iambic pentameter 2 main types-
Petrarchan or Shakespearean

7. Petrarchan sonnets: Also known as Italian
Consists of an octave (eight lines w/regular rhyme scheme), followed by a sestet (six lines w/regular rhyme scheme)
Mood is set in the octave, then changed in the sestet
abba, abba, cde,cde
Sonnet forms

8. Shakespearean Sonnet
Three quatrains ( 4 line stanzas with regular rhyme scheme), followed by rhyming couplet
Mood developed in quatrains, and changed in couplet
Abab, cdcd, efef, gg
Sonnet examples

9. Dramatic Monologue
Narrator reveals info about him/herself through his/her own speech
Usually written in blank verese
Dramatic monlogue

10. Elegy
A formal poem lamenting the death of an individual or group of people
“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”

11. Epic
A narrative poem that relates the mighty deeds or adventures of heroes in a lofty, majestic style
Epic

12. Haiku Three unrhymed lines
Five syllables in the first line, seven syllables in the second and five in the third
The final line resonates with more than one level of meaning
Often about nature and passing of time
Haikus

13. Concrete
Arranged in a shape that enhances or reflects the topic

14. Concrete
Arranged in a shape that enhances or reflects the topic

15. SOUND
Devices used to manipulate the meaning of the words through sound:
Alliteration,
Assonance
Cacophony
Consonance
Dialect
Enjambment
Euphony
Repetition and refrain
Rhyme
Definitions

16. RHYTHM
The beat of the words and the lines – even prose lines have rhythm
METER: comes form the combination of stressed and unstressed syllables
(Da-vid)
FOOT: the variety of recognizable rhythm patterns created by the particular combination of stressed and unstressed syllables

17. OTHER CLUES: METRICAL VARIATION
Short lines –usually cause a person to read SLLLLOOOOOOWWWWWLLLLYY
Therefore, you dwell on the idea, word, etc
Long lines- read the line more quickly to make it fit in the pattern of the rhythm –used to give a feeling of lightness, speed, vigorous activity or urgency
Changing a foot pattern is used for emphasis
Two or more stressed syllables in a line emphasize the thought of each word and its relation to others
Great irregularity in any one line usually indicates strong emotions

18. OTHER CLUES: LINE DIVISION:
Reasons for dividing lines or combining can vary
To contain a complete thought
To set off a strong image
To emphasize a word or phrase
To complete a thought started in a previous line
To create irony or reverse an expectation