Reconstruction Era 1865-1877

Unit Objectives 1. Identify and explain the major problems that needed to be fixed in the US following the Civil War. 2. Analyze how these problems were addressed by the government and assess how successful these problems were solved 3. Examine the treatment of newly freed slaves in the South and ways in which white southerners attempted to keep African-Americans from gaining equal rights 4. Predict how the Reconstruction Era could have led to a growth in US industry and business

Reconstruction What is it? Define. What needed to be reconstructed? Rebuilding

Reconstruction Potential Problems/ Issues that need to be addressed during this period?

Issues to be Addressed During Reconstruction 1. What will be the punishments given to the seceded Southern States before they are let back into the Union? 2. Which branch of the government will be in charge of making laws and handing punishments out during Recon.? 3. What can the country do to help the newly freed slaves adjust into society? 4. How can the country make the Southern economy healthy again?

Lincoln’s 10% Plan Southern states required to take a loyalty oath and add constitutional amendment banning slavery Promise of troop occupation until passage in southern states Rejected

Readmission of Southern States Reconstruction Act of 1867 States divided into 5 military districts under the control of the President Required to rewrite state constitutions and pass 14th Amendment All but 4 states readmitted by 1870 Georgia, Miss, Texas, Virginia

Lincoln’s Assassination April 1865 Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth Part of a larger conspiracy Andrew Johnson becomes President Effects on the US population?

Lincoln Conspirators Mary Surratt Lewis Powell David Herald John Wilkes Booth Mary Surratt Lewis Powell David Herald George Atzerodt Samuel Mudd

Was Lincoln Healthy? Pre-President After being Shot

Freedman Bureau Organization to provide means of living (clothes, food, education, housing) to both black and white refugees in the south Enacted 1865 Abolished in 1872

Black Codes Laws passed by Southern states to limit rights of the new black citizens An attempt to keep blacks as secondary citizens and limit work and wage opportunities Mississippi and SC first to enact laws in 1865

Civil War Amendments 13th Amendment Bans Slavery 14th Amendment Equality under the law for all citizens 15th Amendment Black right to vote Enforcement Act 1870 Intimidation to stop voting is illegal

Southern Politics Thousands of blacks registered to vote following 14th and 15th Amend. 1st black Senator- Hiram Revels (Mississ.) Northern CW hero, Ulysses S Grant elected president in 1870

Social Reforms Segregation AA headed to southern cities for job opportunities, better schools and churches Introduction of the Klu Klux Klan Reaction to Enforcement Acts

Southern Economy Changes Previous- Based on slave agriculture Now: Sharecropping Owners lend land and seed to poorer workers. Tenant Farming Like renting an apartment but with farming land

End of Reconstruction Election of Ulysses S. Grant Corruption within cabinet Loss of Faith in reconstruction movement Electing Rutherford Hayes over Samuel Tilden and Compromise of 1877 leads to withdrawal of troops in the South

R.B. Hayes Sam Tilden

Effects of Reconstruction Union Restored AA gain citizenship and voting rights Racial inequality, KKK Southern economy rebuilt New sharecropping system

Please Answer The Following… 1. During the Reconstruction Period, why was there a struggle between the Legislative and Executive branches. Give an example of this struggle. 2. Predict the national impact and list 1 or more effects of the death of Abraham Lincoln.