Progressivism H-SS 11.2- Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. H-SS 11.2.1- Know the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. H-SS 11.2.4- Analyze the effect of urban political machines and responses to them by immigrants and middle-class reformers. H-SS 11.2.7- Analyze the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel (e.g. using biographies of William Graham Sumner, Billy Sunday, and Dwight Moody)

Progressive Era- 1890-1920 Progressives believed government should take an active role in solving society’s problems. Many of society’s problems were the result of rapid industrialization and urbanization.

A Jacob Riis photograph of the Bandit's Roost in one of the most neglected parts of New York City. Evidence to show violent over crowded “slums.”

A Jacob Riis photograph of garbage on East Fifth Street, one of New York City's many tenements areas during the 1900's.

Progressives believed government needed to be fixed and made more responsive to the people before social problems could be addressed. Also, believed society’s problems could be fixed by applying scientific principles. Child labor was a problem

Muckrakers- investigative journalists who wrote about social conditions and political corruption. Their articles led to debate and public awareness of problems, which pressured politicians to introduce reforms to correct them. If these problems existed today they would report on them Investigative journalists from our era report on modern issues

Muckraker- Jacob Riis - book- “How the Other Half Lives” (1890)- focused on social problems such as poverty, disease, and crime in many immigrant neighborhoods in NYC. Also, was a famous photographer from the Progressive Era

It cost a dollar a month to sleep in these sheds.

Slums

Lincoln Steffens-muckraker- editor-McClure’s magazine –known for uncovering social problems. Published “Shame of the Cities”-collection of articles on political corruption. 1) exposed how Philadelphia overcharges utility customers, 2) how corrupt politicians bribed voters.

H-SS 11.2.1- Know the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. Living conditions = over crowded urban slums where people lived in tenement houses. Working conditions= unsafe, polluted, long hours low pay. Men, women, and children worked 12 hour days, 6-7 days a week

Rapid urbanization caused social problems-poverty, disease, ghettos, etc.-lack of social services

Child labor-imagine 10-12 hours a day 6-7 days a week hunched over like this.

H-SS 11.2.1- Know the effects of industrialization on living and working conditions, including the portrayal of working conditions and food safety in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle.

Upton Sinclair wrote “The Jungle” (1906)it was a novel that revealed the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry. Described how rotten meat, dead rats, and rat poison where made into breakfast sausage…MMMmmmmm!

Result of Sinclair’s book- The Jungle- was public outrage and the passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. Book was intended to show the miserable lives of immigrants who worked in the filthy meat processing plants, but the public focused on the products produced- not concerned w/ working conditions-they all had bad unsafe jobs.

Social Gospel- a reform movement that emerged in the late 19th century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles. Led by Walter Rauschenbusch, his ideas for building a better society were outlined in his book “Christianity and the Social Crisis”

Protestant leaders followed his program-wanted to end child labor, a shorter work week, and to limit the power of corporations. Social Gospel Walter Rauschenbusch

Settlement House Workers Aid Urban Poor -community centers provided social services like classes in child care, taught English to immigrants, ran nursery and kindergartens. Art, theater, and dance programs for adults. Jane Addams Settlement Houses Hull House

William Ashley "Billy" Sunday (11/19/1862 – 11/6/1935) – Popular major league baseball outfielder during the 1880s, left Baseball and became an influential evangelist during the early 1900s. Evangelist = preacher

Billy Sunday’s sermons were frenetic-attracted large crowds very rich and famous

Billy Sunday supported Prohibition (movement to ban booze) his preaching helped with the passage of 18th Amendment which banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol.