1. Urbanization & Social Reforms in the Gilded Age

2. Goal We will: Understand urbanization
Identify the underlying beliefs of Social Reformers of this era

3. Progressives
Today: left side of the Democratic Party

4. Progressive Era Movement from 1890-1920
Wanted progress towards better conditions in government and society
A more humane and fair society

5. Context for Social Reform: Urbanization

6. Think/Pair/Share: Where do you want to live?
City
Suburb
Small town
Rural area

7. Discuss In America TODAY: What are the benefits of cities?
What are the drawbacks of cities?

8. Analyzing Urbanization
Use the charts to examine urbanization in America
Answer the questions, citing specific documents

9. 1. WHEN DID URBANIZATION HAPPEN?
Urbanization primarily took place between _______ and _________.
As Document ____ shows, in 1880, only ____________ state(s) had more than ____% of their population(s) living in cities.
By 1920, however, _____________ state(s) had over ___% of their populations living in cities.
CONCLUSION
CITE DOC
EVIDENCE

10. Urbanization: The Move to the Cities
Between 1880 and 1920, 11 million Americans moved to the cities
Most from farms
New immigrants
African-Americans began to migrate to cities

11. Cities in the Gilded Age
Expanded outwards
First suburbs
Subways & trains make this possible
Cities grew upwards
Buildings taller and taller
America: The Story of Us. Cities CLIP: 17:43-21:30

12. Benefits of the cities Jobs Strong communities Specialized labor
Particularly for immigrant groups
Specialized labor

13. Entry Task
What is a social problem/challenge that exists in the world today?
How were you made aware of it?

14. Problems of the cities Slums Tenements
Low-cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as possible

16. Problems in the Slums Poverty Crime Disease
Organized gangs gained power during this time as a result of urbanization
Disease
Cholera and typhoid
In one NYC tenement, 6 out of 10 babies died before the age of one

17. Reform: The Social Gospel
In the 1880s and 1890s, urban charities began to try to apply religious beliefs directly to society
Philosophy based on Christian ideas of charity & justice
Aimed to improve living conditions for poor in cities.

18. Examples YMCA Salvation Army Bible study prayer meetings
“citizenship” classes
fitness
Salvation Army
Aid for the urban poor
Religious counseling

19. Settlement Houses Jane Addams and Hull House
Community centers that offered a range of social services
Classes
Child-care centers
Playgrounds
Help finding jobs

20. What are the underlying beliefs of the Social Gospel movement?
Document Examination
What were the underlying beliefs of the Social Gospel movement?
Describe the document
What are the underlying beliefs of the Social Gospel movement?
Document A: Dance Halls
Document B: Americanizing Forces
Document C: Jacob Riis

21. “Americanization” Immigrants were taught: English language
American culture & U.S. history
—> citizenship/assimilation

22. Eugenics Many Progressives believed in eugenics
HUGE failure of Progressive reformers: to address disenfranchisement and increasing racial violence in the South

23. Other Methods for Reform

24. Muckrakers

25. Are there modern muckrakers?

26. Muckraking Photography
Jacob Riis – Journalist who wrote about and photographed poverty in NYC’s slums in the 1880s
“How the Other Half Lives”

27. Photographs of the late 1800s
Could take detailed photos
Subjects had to be still for several minutes

28. Jacob Riis Bandit's Roost 1888

29. Jacob A. Riis
A Growler Gang
in Session
(Robbing a Lush)
1887

30. Jacob A. Riis, Street Arabs in Sleeping Quarters, circa 1880s

31. Jacob Riis, Five Cents Lodging, Bayard Street. Circa 1889.

32. Story of Us Clip on Riis
Clip: 28:52-31:32

33. Partner summary questions
1. Does the fact that these photographs are posed take away some of their trustworthiness about how poor, urban Americans lived?
2. What do you think Riis wanted to communicate to his audience?
3. What might these photographs tell you about the middle class Americans who bought Riis’ books and attended his lectures? What did his audience believe about children? About photographs?
4. What information do these photos give you about urban life in the Gilded Age?

34. Muckraking Journalism
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
1906
exposes health violations & unsanitary practice of American meatpacking industry
- could read excerpts

35. Impact of “The Jungle” Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
First law regulating food and drugs
Labels must be accurate
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Dept. of Agriculture responsible for conducting inspections of factories
Designed to protect American consumer

36. Exit Ticket
Who were the Progressives? What did they believe, and what was their impact on U.S. society in the early 20th century?
Use at least two pieces of evidence from lecture & document analysis.