Protein Synthesis Molecular Biology Summary: flow of genetic information DNA  RNA  protein Capacity to store genetic information, copy it, and pass it from generation to generation Important Terms: Transcription Translation Transcription- DNA  RNA (nucleus) Translation- RNA  protein (cytoplasm)

Protein Synthesis Transcription Initiation Elongation Termination RNA polymerase attaches to promoter region on DNA and begins to unzip the DNA Elongation RNA polymerase moves on the DNA 3’  5’ mRNA is elongated 5’  3’ Termination DNA sequence AAAAAAA

Protein Synthesis Translation Initiation Elongation Termination Small ribosomal subunit attaches to a special region near the 5’ end of the mRNA Start codon is read (AUG) and tRNA binds Large subunit attaches to the mRNA Elongation Termination Stop codon

Mutations Point Mutations Types Changes in just one or a few base pairs in a single gene Types Substitution Deletion Insertion Frameshift mutations