WORLD WAR II 1. THE LEGACY OF WWII US policy: Interventionists = United Nations Human cost Holocaust Nuremberg Trials—1946 Toyko Trials The Cold War 1946 to 1989 WWII today

* ** Founders of the United Nations in 1945 Soviet Union * ** U.S.A China *Great Britain **France Founders of the United Nations in 1945 Permanent seats on the Security Council. Replaced the League of Nations to promote world peace Limited Democracy Military Dictatorship No Self Government 1 Party State Democracy Communism Dictatorship Monarchy No Government

The Creation of the U. N.

HUMAN COST of World War II

National debt $252 billion COST OF WWII 50 to 60 million people die US spent $300 billion National debt $252 billion

WW II Casualties: Europe Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

WW II Casualties: Asia Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

WWII CASUALITIES Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Civilians only. Army and navy figures. Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. Deaths from all causes. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History. Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Australia 1,000,000 26,976 180,864 Austria 800,000 280,000 350,117 Belgium 625,000 8,460 55,5131 Brazil2 40,334 943 4,222 Bulgaria 339,760 6,671 21,878 Canada 1,086,3437 42,0427 53,145 China3 17,250,521 1,324,516 1,762,006 Czechoslovakia — 6,6834 8,017 Denmark 4,339 Finland 500,000 79,047 50,000 France 201,568 400,000 Germany 20,000,000 3,250,0004 7,250,000

WWII CASUALITIES Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Greece — 17,024 47,290 Hungary 147,435 89,313 India 2,393,891 32,121 64,354 Italy 3,100,000 149,4964 66,716 Japan 9,700,000 1,270,000 140,000 Netherlands 280,000 6,500 2,860 New Zealand 194,000 11,6254 17,000 Norway 75,000 2,000 Poland 664,000 530,000 Romania 650,0005 350,0006 South Africa 410,056 2,473 U.S.S.R. 20,000,000 6,115,0004 14,012,000 United Kingdom 5,896,000 357,1164 369,267 United States 16,112,566 291,557 670,846 Yugoslavia 3,741,000 305,000 425,000 Civilians only. Army and navy figures. Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. Deaths from all causes. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

WW II Casualties Civilians only. Army and navy figures. Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Australia 1,000,000 26,976 180,864 Austria 800,000 280,000 350,117 Belgium 625,000 8,460 55,5131 Brazil2 40,334 943 4,222 Bulgaria 339,760 6,671 21,878 Canada 1,086,3437 42,0427 53,145 China3 17,250,521 1,324,516 1,762,006 Czechoslovakia — 6,6834 8,017 Denmark 4,339 Finland 500,000 79,047 50,000 France 201,568 400,000 Germany 20,000,000 3,250,0004 7,250,000 Greece 17,024 47,290 Hungary 147,435 89,313 India 2,393,891 32,121 64,354 Italy 3,100,000 149,4964 66,716 Japan 9,700,000 1,270,000 140,000 Netherlands 6,500 2,860 New Zealand 194,000 11,6254 17,000 Norway 75,000 2,000 Poland 664,000 530,000 Romania 650,0005 350,0006 South Africa 410,056 2,473 U.S.S.R. 6,115,0004 14,012,000 United Kingdom 5,896,000 357,1164 369,267 United States 16,112,566 291,557 670,846 Yugoslavia 3,741,000 305,000 425,000 WW II Casualties Civilians only. Army and navy figures. Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. Deaths from all causes. Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

HUMAN DISLOATIONS                                                                                                                                

THE HOLOCAUST Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by fire The genocide of European Jews and other “undesirables” by the Nazis during World War II Hitler killed over 12 million “undesirables” which 6 million were Jews in his concentration camps

THE HOLOCAUST My first and foremost task will be the annihilation of the Jews. "All the human culture, all the results of art, science, and technology that we see before us today, are almost exclusively the creative product of the Aryan..." "The mightiest counterpart to the Aryan is represented by the Jew." "And so I believe to-day that my conduct is in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator. In standing guard against the Jew I am defending the handiwork of the Lord."

THE HOLOCAUST The final solution itself ... to put it bluntly, the extermination of the Jews, was not provided for by Reich Law. It was a Führer's Order, a so-called Führer's Order. Adolf Eichmann, 1960-61

German Economic Depression Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws A Common Enemy Hitler blames Jews for problems of Germany Loss of WWI German Economic Depression Jews identified as a “race” –not a religion A New Education Begins Save Germany from impurities Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws nuremberg

Three Phases of Hatred Phase 1 1933-1939 Phase 2 (1939-1945) A Common Enemy : Re-Education Citizenship Rights? German Jews face deportation Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht Phase 2 (1939-1945) World War II Declared (England and France) Ghettos and Forced Labor Camps Germans begin mass executions of European Jews and Eastern Europeans. Einzsengruben death squads Phase 3: The Final Solution Move to concentration camps Mass extermination with gas chambers

Auschwitz was the main death camp Death Camps Auschwitz was the main death camp

HOLOCAUST Holocaust Genocide: Policy of exterminating a race of people…..Nazi policy from 1941 to 1945.

Nazi leaders being tried for war crimes and crimes against civilians: Established the principle: That individuals are responsible for the actions regardless if they are carrying out orders…….

Crimes against peace, humanity—war crimes trial Crimes against peace, humanity—war crimes Important principle established: Individuals responsible for their actions

trial Several Nazi leaders would be found guilty for crimes against humanity. Punishments ranged from prison sentences up to life and execution by hanging…...

Japanese War Crimes Trials Bio-Chemical Experiments on humans! General Hideki Tojo Bio-Chemical Experiments on humans!

DECISIONS AT YALTA CONFERENCE Yalta Conference shaped the post WWII world. The lasting effect was: “You cannot trust the words of a dictator”. KEY DECISIONS Created a United Nations Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones controlled by the Allies Eastern European countries allowed “free elections” Stalin signed agreements but Eastern Europe would stay under Soviet control.

CONFLICTING INTERESTS coldwar Soviet Goals Wanted to rebuild Europe in ways that would help the Soviet Union recover from the huge losses it suffered during the war Wanted to establish Soviet satellite nations, countries subject to Soviet domination and sympathetic to Soviet goals Wanted to promote the spread of communism throughout the world American Goals Wanted conquered European nations to experience the democracy and economic opportunity that the United States had fought for during the war Wanted to develop strong capitalist economies, which would provide good markets for American products vs

THE COLD WAR vs Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Competition for world dominance and global power. Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military battlefields---------Even though the threat of war was always present. Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1989. It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the world and themselves. Constant state of military preparedness and arms race Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism

NATO ALLIANCE AND WARSAW PACT Communistic Warsaw Pact Communistic Warsaw Pact

The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War map/cold war 1950’s Democracy vs. Communism Bi-Polarization of the World Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.

The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war. NUCLEAR AGE The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war. Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons. U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “deterrent” Peace through strength…… “nuclear diplomacy” atomic bomb

CONTAINMENT POLICY 1950’s Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. map/cold war 1950’s Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.

Communist Expansion A Chronology of Events Soviet Union 1918 Berlin Blockade 1947-8 X Eastern Europe 1946 China 1949 X Korean War 1950 to 1953 CONTAINMENT Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift NATO Korean War Communist Expansion A Chronology of Events 1 1

TheWorld We Live in Today Was Formed by the Events of World War II

7 Future American Presidents Lives Were Formed by Their Service in World War II

The Race for Space

Early Computer Technology Came Out of WW II Colossus, 1941 Mark I, 1944 Admiral Grace Hooper, 1944-1992 COBOL language

The De-Colonization of European Empires

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist Movements