MCU – Microcontroller Unit – 1 MCU  1 cip or VLSI core – application-specific Md. Atiqur Rahman Ahad

We use more number of microcontrollers compared to microprocessors. Microprocessors are primarily used for computational purpose,  whereas microcontrollers find wide application in devices needing real time processing / control.  Embedded system: is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it.

The microprocessor is a processor on one silicon chip. The microcontrollers are used in embedded computing. The microcontroller is a microprocessor with added circuitry.

Do HW with block diagrams Processor? Microprocessor? Microcomputer? Microcontroller? Embedded system? Sensor? What is inside a calculator? Smartphone? iPad? Laptop? Desktop PC? Supercomputer? Clustered computing system?

What is an Embedded System? A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose computer. Examples range from washing machines, cellular phones to missiles and space shuttles.

Microcontroller (MCU) Embedded Systems Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller Microcontroller (MCU) An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip Microprocessor (MPU) Memory I/O (Input/Output) ports

What is an Embedded System? Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementation. A computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility. Often the user of the device is not even aware that a computer is present.

Where are the embedded devices? Mention the ubiquity of handheld devices and things that run on one battery

Killer apps! Communications  network routers, switches, hubs. Children’s toys  Fuel injection control, passenger environmental controls, anti-lock braking systems, Air bag controls, GPS mapping. Automotive Navigation systems, automatic landing systems, flight attitude controls, Engine controls, space exploration ……..

Appli! Application of microcontrollers are numerous. Domestic applications such as in washing machines, TVs, air-conditioners, Automobiles, process control industries, cell phones, electrical drives, robotics and in space applications. Biomedical instruments Communication systems Controller, Control systems Instrumentations: Data collection, oscilloscopes, signal generators, signal analyzers, power supplies. Industrial: Elevator controls, surveillance systems, robots. Home: Dishwashers, microwave ovens, VCRs, televisions, stereos, fire/security alarm systems, lawn sprinkler controls, thermostats, cameras, clock radios, answering machines. Printers, scanners, keyboards, displays, modems, hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives.

Embedded Rocks! Embedded processors account for 100% of worldwide microprocessor production! Embedded:desktop = 100:1

Embedded Systems is a big, fast growing industry $ 40 billions in 2000 $92.0 billion in 2008 $158 billion in 2015 $169 billion in 2016 $221 billion in 2021 Embedded hardware was worth $89.8 billion in 2008 and is expected to reach $109.6 billion in 2013 Embedded software generated $2.2 billion in 2008. This should increase to $2.9 billion in 2013 Microprocessors/Microcontrollers are the core of embedded systems.

Read - http://www. strategyr

Information on embedded systems hardware including: Processor IP (Intellectual Property): Key players include ARM and MIPS. MPU/MCU: Microcontrollers and microprocessors. DSP: Digital signal processors. ASIC: Application-specific integrated circuit. FPGA: Field processing gate arrays. Embedded boards.

Examples: Refrigerator

Examples: Car Door

Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle

Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle

Microcontrollers

How to convert a microcomputer into a microcontroller?  

Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000 Some slides above are from - Dr. Gheith Abandah

Types of MCU 8/16/32-bit mcu – internal bus & instruction size, ALU Instruction sets – RISC/CISC Complicated instruction set comp [CISC] It has an instruction set that supports many addressing modes. It offers flexibility in choosing various ways of performing the data transfer and ALU ops. Reduced ISC [RISC] Supports 1/2 addressing modes Need many registers – so need less fetching from external memories for operations… so higher performance in computing than CISC… e.g., ARM

Types of MCU Memory architecture Harvard mem  has a distinct mem address space for Program mem & Data mem It has separate instructions , hence separate control signal[s], for data transfers from these two memories. Princeton mem  has a common mem space for both. So no need for separate …

Types of MCU Family 8051 Motorola Intel Philips Atmel Siemens Dallas Motorola PIC - Peripheral Interface Controller Hitachi Texas ARM - Advanced RISC Machine (previously known as Acorn RISC Machine) Others

Microcontrollers Microcontroller (MCU) An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip Microprocessor (MPU) Memory I/O (Input/Output) ports

Microcontrollers Support Devices Common communication lines Timers A/D converter Serial I/O Common communication lines System Bus

Block Diagram of Microcontroller ELEC 330

Microprocessor (MPU) MPU (CPU) Read instructions Process binary data

MPU-Based Systems System hardware System software Discrete components Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O Components connected by buses Address, Data, and Control System software A group of programs that monitors the functions of the entire system

MCU-Based Systems Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip Buses are generally not available to a system designer I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions

Microprocessor-Based Systems

MPU-Based Time and Temperature System

MCU-Based Time and Temperature System